| 典型城市河网沉积物微塑料时空分布特征 |
| 摘要点击 533 全文点击 94 投稿时间：2023-05-06 修订日期：2023-07-06 |
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| 中文关键词 城市河网 微塑料（MPs） 沉积物 时空分布 来源 |
| 英文关键词 urban river network microplastics （MPs） sediment spatial and temporal distribution source |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料是近年来广受关注的一类新污染物.淡水系统沉积物作为微塑料重要的汇,能反映出当地微塑料的长期污染水平.为探究典型城市河网沉积物中微塑料的时空分布特征,于2018年12月和2019年6月在望虞河西岸河网区分别采集了17个采样点的沉积物样品,使用体视显微镜和显微傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对微塑料进行形态观察以及成分鉴定.结果表明,微塑料的平均丰度（以dw计）为323.37 n·kg-1,形状主要为碎片和纤维,颜色以黑色和蓝色为主,粒径主要分布在50～500 μm之间,成分以PET、PE、PVE、PS和PP为主.夏季微塑料的丰度低于冬季,河网区上游地区微塑料的丰度高于中游和下游地区,最高丰度出现在污水处理厂的出水口采样点,沉积物中微塑料的丰度与表层水中微塑料的丰度无显著相关性.应用正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型解析微塑料的来源,发现微塑料的主要来源有农用塑料薄膜、生活废水、塑料垃圾以及工业生产.研究可为典型城市河网微塑料污染防控提供支撑. |
| 英文摘要 |
| As an emerging pollutant, microplastics have received increasing concern. Sediment can reflect the long-term pollution level of microplastics because it is recognized as a sink of microplastics. To explore the distribution characteristics of microplastics in sediments of a typical urban river network, sediment samples were collected from 17 sampling sites in December 2018 and June 2019. A stereomicroscope and micro-fourier transform infrared spectrometer were used to observe the morphology and identify the composition of microplastics. The results showed that the mean abundance of microplastics was 323.37 n·kg-1. The microplastics were predominately black and blue in color, 50-500 μm in size, and fragment and fiber in shape, and the composition was mainly PET, PE, PVE, PS, and PP. The abundance of microplastics in summer was lower than that in winter, and the abundance of microplastics in upstream areas was higher than that in middle and downstream areas. It was found that the highest concentration occurred near a wastewater treatment plant, and there was no significant correlation between the abundance of microplastics in sediment and that in surface water. In this study, the PMF model was applied to analyze the sources of microplastic pollution. It was found that the main sources of microplastics were agricultural plastic film, domestic wastewater, plastic waste, and industrial production. Our study provided a scientific basis for the prevention and control of microplastic pollution in a typical urban river network. |
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