| 长期玉米秸秆还田对褐土真菌群落和玉米产量的影响 |
| 摘要点击 134 全文点击 5 投稿时间：2024-06-20 修订日期：2024-09-02 |
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| 中文关键词 秸秆还田方式 真菌群落 酶活性 土壤养分 高通量测序 网络分析 |
| 英文关键词 straw return method fungal community enzyme activity soil nutrients high-throughput sequencing network analysis |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 基于1992~2022年连续31 a的秸秆还田长期定位试验，包括4种不同玉米秸秆还田方式：秸秆不还田（CK）、秸秆过腹还田（CM）、秸秆粉碎直接还田（SC）和秸秆覆盖还田（SM），利用高通量测序技术、FUNGuild功能预测和生态网络方法，综合分析了土壤养分含量、胞外酶活性、真菌群落结构和菌群功能活性，探讨不同秸秆还田模式对褐土农田养分的影响，解析土壤胞外酶和菌群功能活性的变化特征，为高效提升褐土农田土壤肥力提供理论依据. 结果表明：①长期不同秸秆还田（SM、SC和CM）可显著提高土壤肥力、玉米产量和胞外酶活性，土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）、全钾（TK）、碱解氮（AN）、有效磷（AP）、速效钾（AK）、玉米累计产量、土壤葡萄糖苷酶（β-GC）、纤维二糖水解酶（CBH）和脱氢酶（DHA）含量较CK处理提升幅度分别为： 17.0%~42.9%、3.0%~50.0%、2.3%~27.9%、4.4%~11.5%、11.2%~71.0%、14.1%~320.8%、17.1%~153.6%、6.4%~23.0%、35.6%~190.7%、41.9%~58.6%和28.8%~773.8%；其中CM处理提升效果最为显著. ②长期不同秸秆还田改变了土壤真菌群落结构组成，真菌中被孢霉菌门相对丰度降低了29.05%~31.12%，担子菌门提升了24.76%~481.10%；土壤pH是影响真菌群落组成的重要影响因素. ③网络分析结果表明，长期不同秸秆还田处理指示种归属于不同模块，与土壤养分含量和酶活性呈显著相关关系，其中CM处理中富集的Phaeoacremonium和Conocybe通过强烈共生关系形成特定功能微生物集群. ④基于FUNGuild的功能预测发现：长期不同秸秆还田均提高了病理和腐生营养型真菌的相对丰度，降低了腐生-共生营养型真菌相对丰度. 长期秸秆还田可提高土壤肥力和胞外酶活性，增加有益菌群丰度，显著改变真菌群落结构和组成，有利于碳和氮循环，从而促进褐土形成适合作物和真菌生长的环境. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Based on a 31-year consecutive long-term positioning trial of stover return to field， including four different corn stover return methods： stover not returned to field （CK）， stover overgrown （CM）， stover crushed and directly returned to field （SC）， and stover mulched （SM）； the soil nutrient content， extracellular enzyme activity， fungal community structure， and mycorrhizal functional activity were comprehensively analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology， FUNGuild functional prediction， and ecological network approach. We investigated the effects of different straw return modes on the nutrient content of brown soil farmland， analyzed the characteristics of soil extracellular enzymes and functional activities of fungal communities， and provided a theoretical basis for efficiently improving the soil fertility of brown soil farmland. The results showed that： ① Long-term different straw return treatments （SM， SC， and CM） significantly increased soil fertility， maize yield， and extracellular enzyme activities， and soil organic carbon （SOC）； total nitrogen （TN）； total phosphorus （TP）； total potassium （TK）； alkaline dissolved nitrogen （AN）； effective phosphorus （AP）； quick-acting potassium （AK）； cumulative yield of maize； and the contents of soil glucosidase （β-GC）， cellobiose hydrolase （CBH）， and dehydrogenase （DHA） contents were elevated from 17.0%-42.9%， 3.0%-50.0%， 2.3%-27.9%， 4.4%-11.5%， 11.2%-71.0%， 14.1%-320.8%， 17.1%-153.6%， 6.4%-23.0%， 35.6%-190.7%， 41.9%-58.6%， and 28.8%-773.8%； among them， the CM treatment had the most significant enhancement effect. ② Long-term different straw return treatments changed the structural composition of the soil fungal community， and the relative abundance of fungi in the phylum Periphyton decreased by 29.05%-31.12%， and the phylum Stachybotrys was enhanced by 24.76%-481.10%. The soil pH was an important influencing factor affecting the composition of the fungal community. ③ The results of network analysis showed that the indicator species of different straw return treatments in the long term belonged to different modules， which were significantly correlated with soil nutrient content and enzyme activity， among which Phaeoacremonium and Conocybe enriched in the CM treatment formed specific functional microbial clusters through a strong symbiotic relationship. ④ Functional prediction based on FUNGuild found that long-term different straw return treatments both increased the relative abundance of pathogenic and saprophytic trophic fungi and decreased the relative abundance of saprophytic-symbiotic trophic fungi. Long-term straw return can improve soil fertility and extracellular enzyme activity， increase the abundance of beneficial flora， significantly change the structure and composition of fungal communities， and favor carbon and nitrogen cycling， thus promoting the formation of a suitable environment for crop and fungal growth in brown soils. |
