| 黄河三角洲悬浮颗粒物中抗生素赋存特征及生态风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 89 全文点击 3 投稿时间：2024-06-04 修订日期：2024-09-04 |
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| 中文关键词 抗生素 黄河三角洲（YRD） 悬浮颗粒物（SPM） 污染特征 分配系数（Kd） 生态风险 |
| 英文关键词 antibiotics Yellow River Delta（YRD） suspended particulate matter（SPM） pollution characteristics partition coefficient（Kd） ecological risks |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以黄河三角洲（YRD）下游、自然保护区和近海口水域为研究对象，利用高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱，考察水体和悬浮颗粒物（SPM）中氟喹诺酮类、磺胺类、四环素类和大环内酯类等45种典型抗生素的污染特征，探究其赋存状况和生态风险. 结果表明，水体和SPM中分别检出12种和18种抗生素，含量水平为N.D.~4 249.79 ng·L-1和N.D.~8 535.39 ng·g-1；主要抗生素为诺氟沙星、依诺沙星、强力霉素、培氟沙星和沙拉沙星，磺胺类检出率和浓度水平均较低，大环内酯类未检出. 由于受人为活动显著影响，水体中抗生素污染水平总体呈现下游高于上游的趋势，且近海口抗生素污染水平与其盐度呈正相关；SPM中抗生素污染水平则呈现上游高于下下游的趋势，与SPM含量空间变化一致. 可检出抗生素在水-SPM界面间的分配系数（Kd，L·kg-1）平均值范围为1.2×103（强力霉素）~8.7×103（沙拉沙星），表明YRD水域目标污染物倾向于被SPM吸附结合. 值得注意的是，Kd值大小顺序为：氟喹诺酮类>四环素类>磺胺类，且表现出显著的空间差异性. 这主要取决于研究区域水体有机质理化性质，以及SPM的微观形貌和结构组成. 生态风险评价结果表明，水体中诺氟沙星对水生生物呈现高风险，强力霉素对藻类和无脊椎动物呈现中等风险，金霉素和磺胺地索辛对无脊椎动物存在低风险，其余抗生素产生风险的可能较小；但是当考虑污染物同时存在的联合风险时，所有点位均表现为高风险，需要进一步关注. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the distribution and ecological risks of antibiotics in the aquatic environment of the Yellow River Delta （YRD）， the pollution characteristics of 45 typical antibiotics， including fluoroquinolones， sulfonamides， tetracyclines， and macrolides were determined in water and suspended particulate matter （SPM） samples collected from the lower reaches of the YRD， YRD Nature Reserves， and the YRD Estuary. This study use a high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to measure the concentrations. The results showed that 12 and 18 antibiotics were detected at concentration levels in the range of N.D.-4 249.79 ng·L-1 and N.D.-8 535.39 ng·g-1 in the water and SPM samples， respectively. Among them， norfloxacin， enoxacin， doxycycline， pefloxacin， and sarafloxacin， belonging to fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines， were mostly detected； for the sulfonamides， the detection rate and concentration levels were relatively low， and macrolides were not detected in any samples. Moreover， due to the significant influences of human activities， the levels of antibiotic pollution were generally higher downstream than those upstream in the YRD water bodies. The levels of antibiotic pollution were positively correlated with the salinity of the waters in the nearby estuary. Conversely， the total concentrations of target antibiotics in the suspended particulate matter （SPM） were higher upstream than those downstream， which were consistent with the content of SPM along the sampling sites. Furthermore， the partition coefficient （Kd） of the detected antibiotics between water and SPM were calculated， showing that the Kd（L·kg-1）values were in the range of 1.2×103 （doxycycline）-8.7×103 （sarafloxacin）. These results suggested that the detected antibiotics tended to be associated with SPM once entering the investigated area. Of particular note， it was observed that the Kd values followed the rank order： fluoroquinolones>tetracycline>sulfonamides， and there was a significant spatial variability. The correlation analysis of Kd and water environment factors showed that the partition of target antibiotics in the water-SPM interface was largely dependent on the properties of organic matter. In addition， the microstructure and composition of SPM also played an important role in the interaction between the antibiotics and SPM. The ecological risk assessment results showed that norfloxacin in water presented a high risk to aquatic organisms， doxycycline presented a moderate risk to algae and invertebrates， chlortetracycline and sulfadimethoxine had a low risk to invertebrates with a low trophic level， and other antibiotics had a small risk. However， when considering the multiple risk of simultaneous pollutants， all sites appeared as high risk and require further attention. |
