| 苏州市河流水质时空分布特征及影响因素分析 |
| 摘要点击 125 全文点击 11 投稿时间：2024-06-28 修订日期：2024-08-17 |
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| 中文关键词 水质评价 综合水质指数法（WQI） 地理探测器 时空变化 影响因素 |
| 英文关键词 water quality evaluation comprehensive water quality index （WQI） geographic detector temporal and spatial variation influential factors |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 河流生态系统是动态、开放和连续的系统，为人类提供了丰富的物质资源和重要的生存环境. 开展城市河流水质时空变化趋势和影响因素分析对于采取针对性措施改善水环境质量，缓解水资源短缺具有重要意义. 为探究城市河流水质变化特征，以位于太湖流域腹地的苏州为研究区，基于2008~2021年的水质监测数据，采用综合水质指数（WQI）和地理探测器开展河流长时间系列时空变化趋势及影响因素研究. 结果表明，2008~2021年苏州河流水质年均WQI值中位数从2008年的51.16升高到2021年的71.17，河流水质呈逐渐好转趋势，水质质量从2016年开始明显提升，苏州开展的一系列水质治理工程和政策是水质提升的主要原因. 从季节差异看，WQI在丰水期、平水期和枯水期的中位数值分别为57.89、61.58和63.68，丰水期河流水质主要受面源污染影响. 2008~2021年苏州各区（市）水质都有较大提升，其中张家港水质最优，各点位水质均为良好，姑苏区由于建设用地占比高且人口密度大，水质点位中良好等级占比最低. 2008年气温和GDP是河流水质的主要影响因素，2021年气温和GDP对河流水质的影响有所减小，人口密度与土地利用对水质的影响增强. 任意两种影响因子的交互作用对苏州河流水质的解释率均大于单个因子，苏州河流水质受多种自然和人类活动因素共同影响，且人为因素的影响逐渐大于自然因素. 此外，自然与人为因素对水质的影响在枯水期强于丰水期. 研究可为苏州及其他类似区域准确识别水质影响因素及精准提出地表水体污染防控措施提供科学参考. |
| 英文摘要 |
| River ecosystems are dynamic， open， and continuous systems that provide rich material resources and important survival environments for humans. Analyzing the temporal and spatial trends of urban river water quality and the influencing factors is of great significance for taking targeted measures to improve water environmental quality and alleviate water resource shortages. In this study， Suzhou located in the hinterland of the Taihu Lake Basin was taken as the study area to explore the characteristics of urban river water quality change. Based on the water quality monitoring data from 2008 to 2021， the study used the comprehensive water quality index （WQI） and geographical detector to investigate the long-term spatiotemporal trends and influencing factors of river water quality. The results showed that the median annual WQI value of river water in Suzhou increased from 51.16 in 2008 to 71.17 in 2021， indicating a gradual improvement in water quality. The water quality has significantly improved since 2016， which can be mainly attributed to a series of water quality control projects and policies implemented in Suzhou. In terms of seasonal differences， the median WQI values in the wet season， dry season， and normal flow season were 57.89， 61.58， and 63.68， respectively， with water quality in the wet season mainly affected by non-point source pollution. The water quality in all districts of Suzhou had improved significantly from 2008 to 2021， with Zhangjiagang exhibiting the best water quality， where all monitoring points showed good water quality， and Gusu District had the lowest proportion of good water quality due to a high percentage of construction land and high population density. In 2008， temperature and GDP were the main influencing factors of river water quality. By 2021， the impact of temperature and GDP on river water quality had decreased， while the influence of population density and land use on water quality had increased. The interaction of any two influencing factors had a higher explanatory power in Suzhou River water quality than a single factor alone， indicating that the water quality was influenced by a variety of factors from both nature and human activities， with the impact of human factors gradually surpassing natural factors. Additionally， the impact of natural and human factors on water quality was greater in the dry season than in the wet season. This study can provide a scientific reference for accurately identifying water quality influencing factors and proposing precise pollution prevention and control measures for surface water bodies in Suzhou and similar regions. |
