| 基于电力碳转移的中国省域横向碳补偿机制 |
| 摘要点击 391 全文点击 10 投稿时间：2024-05-20 修订日期：2024-08-28 |
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| 中文关键词 省域 碳补偿 电力行业 碳转移 CO2影子价格 |
| 英文关键词 province carbon compensation power sector carbon transfer CO2 shadow price |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 省域碳补偿机制体系的建立是实现区域均衡化、可持续化发展，助力“双碳”目标的重要保障. 为建立公平合理的横向省域碳补偿机制，以中国31个省（市、自治区）为研究对象，首先，测算省域2021年电力生产和消费导致的碳转移量，识别碳补偿主客体；其次，通过松弛测度模型SBM计算CO2的影子价格，作为单位碳单价确定碳补偿的标准；再次，碳排放责任分配采用共担责任制，以经济贡献系数和生态承载系数对Pearl生长曲线模型进行修正，确定碳补偿系数，并以其归一化值作为碳排放责任分配的依据；最后，通过财政转移支付理论实现省域碳补偿. 结果表明，全国平均CO2影子价格为1 944.84元·t-1，CO2影子价格与经济发展水平和产业结构效应等因素有关；2021年各省域碳补偿总金额为542.02亿元，碳受偿地区主要是山西等12个省域，碳补偿地区为广东等19个省域；碳补偿空间分布整体呈现出“东补西偿”状态. 最后，从多角度对省域横向碳补偿制度的建设提出建议. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Establishing a provincial carbon compensation mechanism is essential to achieving balanced and sustainable regional development and contribute to carbon peaking and neutrality goals. To establish a fair and reasonable horizontal provincial carbon compensation mechanism， this study took 31 provinces （cities and autonomous regions） in China as the research object. First， we measured the carbon transfer volume caused by power generation and consumption in 2021 and identified the carbon compensation subject and object. Second， we used the CO2 shadow price calculated by the slack measurement model Slacks-Based Measure （SBM） as the unit price of carbon to determine the carbon compensation standard. Then， carbon emission responsibility allocation adopted a shared responsibility system， using the economic contribution coefficient and ecological carrying coefficient to modify the Pearl growth curve model， determining the carbon compensation coefficient and using its normalized value as the basis for carbon emission responsibility allocation. Finally， the provincial carbon compensation was realized through the fiscal transfer theory. The results showed that the national average CO2 shadow price was 1 944.84 yuan·t-1， and the shadow price was related to the level of economic development， industrial structure effect， and other factors. The total amount of carbon compensation in each province was 54.202 billion yuan in 2021， and 12 regions were compensated provinces， such as Shanxi， and compensation provinces included 19 regions， such as Guangdong. The overall spatial distribution of carbon compensation showed a state of “paying from east to west.” In the end， suggestions for constructing the provincial horizontal carbon compensation system were made from multiple perspectives. |
