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滇东南岩溶与非岩溶区土壤有机碳空间分异及其影响因素
摘要点击 568  全文点击 70  投稿时间:2024-05-24  修订日期:2024-08-01
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中文关键词  岩溶区  非岩溶区  土壤有机碳(SOC)  土地利用方式  石漠化  影响因素
英文关键词  karst area  non-karst area  soil organic carbon(SOC)  land use types  rocky desertification  influence factors
作者单位E-mail
涂纯 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 桂林 541004
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 百色平果喀斯特生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 平果 531406
自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 桂林 541004 
tuc.13b@igsnrr.ac.cn 
毛诗画 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安 710127  
孔祥胜 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 桂林 541004
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 百色平果喀斯特生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 平果 531406
自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 桂林 541004 
 
罗为群 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 桂林 541004
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 百色平果喀斯特生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 平果 531406
自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 桂林 541004 
 
覃星铭 南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 南宁 530001 qxm212@nnnu.edu.cn 
李发东 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100190 
 
张妍 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安 710127  
中文摘要
      岩溶与非岩溶区土壤有机碳(SOC)差异影响县域尺度土壤碳汇的精确评估,是岩溶区土壤碳研究的热点与难点. 以滇东南典型岩溶区云南省文山市为例,采用1km×1km网格采样法,调查研究了文山市0~20 cm SOC含量、密度及储量在岩溶与非岩溶区的空间差异,探讨了不同土地利用方式、石漠化、海拔及土壤理化性质对表层SOC的影响. 结果表明,文山市0~20 cm土层SOC储量为1 261.90万t,呈西部高、中北部低的分布格局;其中非岩溶区ω(SOC)和SOC密度平均值分别为20.88 g·kg-1和4.93 kg·m-2,分别比岩溶区高27.94%和23.55%(P<0.01). 不同土地利用方式下ω(SOC)差异显著:灌木林地(24.58 g·kg-1)>草地(20.92 g·kg-1)>有林地(20.52 g·kg-1)>园地(19.89 g·kg-1)>其他林地(18.87 g·kg-1)>旱地(16.16 g·kg-1)>水田(15.58 g·kg-1),其中非岩溶区灌木林地、草地和其他林地SOC高出岩溶区35.95%~66.52%,表明非岩溶区丰富的植物凋落物输入有助于SOC累积. 文山市石漠化主要分布在北部和中东部地区,与ω(SOC)低值区(8.0~15.0 g·kg-1)分布较为一致,轻度、中度和重度石漠化区ω(SOC)为12.98~15.55 g·kg-1,显著低于无石漠化区和潜在石漠化区(17.34~17.82 g·kg-1P<0.01). 地理探测分析表明,土壤总氮(TN)含量对SOC空间分异的单因子解释力超过0.70,其次为海拔、土壤容重和C/P,三者对SOC的单因子解释力在0.31~0.52;而TN与C/N、TP与C/P交互作用对SOC的解释力在0.73~0.95;表明土壤氮、磷等养分状况对SOC有重要影响. 由于石漠化的影响,文山市岩溶区ω(TN)为1.54~2.10 g·kg-1,低于岩溶区11.47%~27.25%,导致上述影响因子及其交互作用对SOC的解释力低于非岩溶区. 研究可为岩溶区县域尺度的土壤碳汇评估提供科学参考.
英文摘要
      The difference in soil organic carbon (SOC) between karst and non-karst areas affects the accurate assessment of soil carbon sinks at the county scale, making it a hot and difficult topic in soil carbon research in karst areas. Taking Wenshan County, a typical karst area in southeast Yunnan Province, as an example, a 1 km×1 km grid sampling method was used to conduct the spatial differences in SOC content, density, and storage in the 0-20 cm soil layer between karst and non-karst areas. The impacts of different land use patterns, karst rocky desertification, elevation, and soil physicochemical properties on surface SOC were also explored. The results showed that the SOC storage in the 0-20 cm soil layer was 12.619 million tons, with a distribution pattern of high in the west and low in the central and northern regions in Wenshan County. The mean values of ω(SOC) and SOC density in non-karst areas were 20.88 g·kg-1 and 4.93 kg·m-2, respectively, which were 27.94% and 23.55% higher than those in karst areas (P < 0.01). Significant differences in ω(SOC) were observed under different land use types, with shrubland (24.58 g·kg-1) > grassland (20.92 g·kg-1) > forestland (20.52 g·kg-1) > orchard (19.89 g·kg-1) > other woodland (18.87 g·kg-1) > dryland (16.16 g·kg-1) > paddy field (15.58 g·kg-1). The SOC in shrubland, grassland, and other woodland in non-karst areas was 35.95%-66.52% higher than that in karst areas, indicating that abundant plant litter input in non-karst areas contributed to SOC accumulation. Karst rocky desertification was mainly distributed in the northern, central, and eastern regions of Wenshan County, which was consistent with the distribution of low SOC areas (8.0-15.0 g·kg-1). The ω(SOC) in mild, moderate, and severe karst rocky desertification areas ranged from 12.98 to 15.55 g·kg-1, significantly lower than that in non-rocky desertification and potential rocky desertification areas (17.34-17.82 g·kg-1P < 0.01). Geographical detection analysis showed that the single-factor explanatory power of soil total nitrogen (TN) content for SOC spatial differentiation exceeded 0.70, followed by elevation, soil bulk density, and C/P, with single-factor explanatory powers ranging from 0.31 to 0.52. The interaction effects of TN and C/N, as well as TP and C/P, had explanatory powers of 0.73 to 0.95 for SOC, indicating that soil nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus had important impacts on SOC. Due to the influence of karst rocky desertification, the ω(TN) in the karst area of Wenshan County was 1.54-2.10 g·kg-1, which was 11.47%-27.25% lower than that in non-karst areas, resulting in lower explanatory powers of the aforementioned influencing factors and their interactions for SOC in karst areas compared to those in non-karst areas. This study provides a scientific reference for assessing soil carbon sinks at the county scale in karst regions.

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