| 基于生态廊道识别的喀斯特流域生态安全格局构建：以贵州南明河流域为例 |
| 摘要点击 181 全文点击 16 投稿时间：2024-04-04 修订日期：2024-06-25 |
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| 中文关键词 贵州 喀斯特流域 最小成本路径法 生态廊道 生态安全格局 |
| 英文关键词 Guizhou karst watershed minimum cost path method ecological corridor ecological security pattern |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 构建生态安全格局对于维护喀斯特地区生态系统稳定和推动区域社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义.以贵州高原典型喀斯特流域——南明河流域为研究对象,结合多源数据,运用InVEST模型评估流域生态系统服务（ES）,叠加生态敏感性、MSPA分析和景观连通性科学识别生态源地,利用电路理论识别生态廊道并判定夹点和障碍点,剖析流域生态系统完整性和连通性,揭示流域生态安全发展趋势,最终构成以“点-线-面”相结合的南明河流域生态安全格局.结果表明：①2000~2020年南明河流域生态系统服务呈东北部高、西南部低的空间特征.②南明河流域生态敏感性以低度敏感为主,集中分布在流域中上游；景观连通性整体水平较高,空间分布不均衡,呈东北部高、西南部较低的分布格局.③选择生境质量较好的斑块为生态源地,分别识别20 a间生态源地52、52和65个,总面积分别为460.36、436.74和435.11 km2,集中分布在以林地和草地为土地利用类型的流域下游.④分别提取20 a间生态廊道116、126和190条,短距离廊道主要分布在流域东北部,且分布数量较多,西南部反之；识别20 a间生态节点419、455和460个,其中夹点主要集中分布在植被覆盖度高的流域下游,该区域应作为生态保护的重点区域,障碍点集中分布在流域中上游人类活动频繁地区.研究结果旨在为南明河流域生态系统功能提升与生态保护提供理论依据与科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Constructing an ecological security pattern is important for maintaining the stability of the ecosystem in karst areas and promoting the sustainable development of regional social economy. This study takes the Nanming River Basin, a typical karst basin in Guizhou Plateau, as the research object, combines multi-source data, evaluates the ecosystem service （ES） of the basin by using the InVEST model, and identifies ecological source areas scientifically by combining ecological sensitivity, MSPA analysis, and landscape connectivity. The circuit theory is used to identify the ecological corridor and determine the points and obstacles, analyze the integrity and connectivity of the basin ecosystem, reveal the development trend of the basin ecological security, and finally form the ecological security pattern of the Nanming River Basin with the combination of “point-line-plane.” The results show that： ① From 2000 to 2020, the ecosystem services of the Nanming River Basin showed a spatial feature of high in the northeast and low in the southwest. ② The ecological sensitivity of the Nanming River Basin was mainly low sensitivity, concentrated in the upper and middle reaches of the basin； the overall level of landscape connectivity was high, with uneven spatial distribution, showing a distribution pattern of high in the northeast and low in the southwest. ③ Patches with better habitat quality were selected as ecological sources, and 52, 52, and 65 ecological sources were identified in 20 years, with a total area of 460.36, 436.74, and 435.11 km2, respectively, concentrated in the downstream of the basin with woodland and grassland as the land use types. ④ In this study, 116, 126, and 190 ecological corridors were extracted in 20 years, and short-distance corridors were mainly distributed in the northeast of the basin with a large number, whereas the southwest showed the opposite. A total of 419, 455, and 460 ecological nodes were identified in 20 years, among which the pinch points were mainly concentrated in the downstream of the basin with high vegetation coverage, which should be the key area for ecological protection. The obstacle points were concentrated in the upper and middle reaches of the basin with frequent human activities. The research results aim to provide theoretical and scientific basis for the improvement of ecosystem functions and ecological protection in the Nanming River Basin. |
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