| 宁夏农田土壤和农产品镉含量特征、健康风险评价及其环境基准 |
| 摘要点击 620 全文点击 75 投稿时间：2024-04-16 修订日期：2024-06-06 |
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| 中文关键词 宁夏 镉（Cd） 农产品 健康风险 土壤环境基准 |
| 英文关键词 Ningxia Cd agricultural products health risk soil environmental benchmark |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 陈林 | 宁夏大学生态环境学院, 银川 750021
宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021
宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 银川 750021 | chenlin198388@163.com | | 杨玲 | 宁夏大学生态环境学院, 银川 750021
宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021
宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 银川 750021 | | | 李虹 | 宁夏农业环境保护监测站, 银川 750002 | | | 梁翔宇 | 宁夏农业环境保护监测站, 银川 750002 | | | 马建军 | 宁夏农业环境保护监测站, 银川 750002 | | | 王君梅 | 宁夏农业环境保护监测站, 银川 750002 | | | 王金保 | 宁夏农业环境保护监测站, 银川 750002 | | | 马俊花 | 宁夏农业环境保护监测站, 银川 750002 | | | 贾彪 | 宁夏大学农学院, 银川 750021 | | | 薛斌 | 宁夏大学生态环境学院, 银川 750021
宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021
宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 银川 750021 | | | 庞丹波 | 宁夏大学生态环境学院, 银川 750021
宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021
宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 银川 750021 | | | 马琨 | 宁夏大学生态环境学院, 银川 750021
宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021
宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 银川 750021 | makun0411@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 准确评估土壤-农产品Cd健康风险有助于提升农田污染防治决策的科学性和精确性. 通过采集宁夏农田740对土壤-农产品协同监测样品,分析土壤-农产品Cd污染特征,评估土壤和摄入农产品对人类健康风险等级,推导研究区农田土壤环境基准值. 结果表明,研究区土壤pH值>7.3,呈碱性. 土壤ω（Cd）在0.020~0.472 mg·kg-1之间,低于我国农用地土壤污染风险管控值. 农产品中其他谷物和蔬菜的ω（Cd）平均值较高,分别为0.013 mg·kg-1和0.011 mg·kg-1,马铃薯和水果的ω（Cd）平均值最低（均为0.002 mg·kg-1）. 不同农产品Cd的生物富集系数<1,说明所有农产品没有积累效应. 土壤途径对人体的单项非致癌风险指数低于1,且单项致癌风险指数也无致癌风险,但研究区土壤Cd的非致癌和致癌风险指数均表现为儿童高于成人. 农产品摄入Cd对成人和儿童无健康风险. 由敏感性分布法推导出的玉米、小麦、水果和其他谷物地土壤安全生产临界值分别为0.503、0.336、0.234和0.342 mg·kg-1,小于土壤环境质量标准风险筛选值,本研究推导出的玉米、小麦、水果和其他谷物地土壤Cd阈值较标准严格；水稻和蔬菜地的土壤安全生产临界值为1.057 mg·kg-1和0.740 mg·kg-1,高于标准中对应的风险筛选值,推导出的水稻和蔬菜地土壤Cd阈值相较标准要宽松；马铃薯地的土壤安全生产临界值和标准基本一致. 因此,统一用现行土壤环境质量标准的筛选值并不完全适用于研究区不同类型农产品,需根据不同农作物中重金属的实际含量对土壤环境基准值进行调整. |
| 英文摘要 |
| A precise assessment of the health risks posed by cadmium （Cd） contamination in agricultural products from regional farmland is crucial for informed pollution prevention and control decisions. This study collected 740 pairs of soil and agricultural product samples from farmland in Ningxia, focusing on Cd content detection. The evaluation encompassed Cd pollution characteristics in soil and agricultural products and assessed the associated health risk for human ingestion. Additionally, farmland soil environmental benchmark values specific to the study area were established. The results showed that soil pH levels across the study area were consistently alkaline, with values exceeding 7.3. Cd content in the soil fell within a range of 0.020 to 0.472 mg·kg-1, lower than the pollution risk control value of agricultural soil （pH > 7.5） in China （GB 2762-2017）. Average Cd content in grains and vegetables was relatively high, with values of 0.013 and 0.011 mg·kg-1, respectively. Conversely, potatoes and fruits exhibited the lowest average Cd content at 0.002 mg·kg-1 each. The biological accumulation coefficient of Cd in different agricultural products was less than 1, indicating no accumulation effect across all agricultural products. The single non-carcinogenic risk index （HQ） of the soil pathway to the human body was lower than 1, and the single carcinogenic risk index also had no carcinogenic risk （CR < 10-4）, but the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk indices of Cd intake via soil pathways remained below significant thresholds, yet they were higher in children compared to adults. The intake of Cd through agricultural products posed no discernible health risks to either adults or children. The critical soil Cd thresholds for corn, wheat, fruit, and other grain fields derived from the species sensitivity distribution （SSD） method were 0.503, 0.336, 0.234, and 0.342 mg·kg-1, respectively, which were lower than the risk screening values of soil environmental quality standards （GB 15618-2018） in China. Therefore, the Cd thresholds for corn, wheat, fruit, and other grain fields derived from this study were stricter than the standards. The critical values for soil Cd in rice and vegetable fields were 1.057 and 0.740 mg·kg-1, respectively, which were higher than the corresponding risk screening values in the standard. Specifically, critical values for rice and vegetable fields were found to be higher, suggesting a relaxed threshold compared to the standard. Conversely, critical values for soil Cd in potato fields aligned closely with the existing standard. This study underscores the importance of tailoring soil environmental benchmarks to specific agricultural products, advocating for adjustments based on actual content of heavy metals in different agricultural products. |
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