| 甘南州生态系统服务时空变化及权衡协同关系 |
| 摘要点击 551 全文点击 65 投稿时间：2024-03-27 修订日期：2024-05-29 |
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| 中文关键词 生态系统服务 权衡协同关系 InVEST模型 土地利用变化 甘南州 |
| 英文关键词 ecosystem services trade-off synergies InVEST model land use change Gannan Prefecture |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 甘南藏族自治州是黄河流域上游重要的生态功能区和环境脆弱带,研究生态系统服务变化及其权衡协同对该地区可持续发展具有重要意义. 以甘南州为研究对象,基于1990~2020年土地利用类型时空变化,采用InVEST模型评估该地区的土壤保持、产水量、生境质量和碳储量这4种生态系统服务并对其权衡协同关系进行研究. 结果表明：①1990~2020年甘南州建设用地、低覆盖草地、水域和耕地均表现增加,林地、中覆盖草地、高覆盖草地和未利用地表现减少；各地类在甘南州县区均有转移,主要集中在甘南州北部的夏河、合作和卓尼等,南部的玛曲和舟曲等地区；其中耕地主要转变为高覆盖草地,林地主要转变为高覆盖草地,高覆盖草地主要转变为林地,中覆盖草地主要转移为低覆盖草地. ②近30 a土壤保持量和产水量变化明显,分别增加2.90×108 t和72.17×108 m3；生境质量与碳储量基本无明显变化. 在空间上,4项生态系统服务高值均集中在林地、草地等植被覆盖地区,以迭部、舟曲、玛曲和卓尼等县为主. 1990~2000年除玛曲县外,其他地区土壤保持量与产水量以减小为主,2000年后,夏河、碌曲、玛曲和临潭等大部分县区以增加为主；碳储量在玛曲、迭部和舟曲等县区基本维持稳定,减小地区主要集中在夏河县与合作市；1990~2020年生境质量大部分地区表现为亏损,以夏河、合作、碌曲和迭部等县区为主,且随时间的变化,减少地区逐渐扩大. ③1、5和10 km这3种样点尺度下,4项生态系统服务间均为协同关系,土壤保持与碳储量相关系数比较稳定,其值均大于0.55,协同程度强；产水量与碳储量协同程度弱,随着空间尺度的增大,二者相关显著性降低. 在空间上,4项生态系统服务间并不完全协同,权衡的空间以玛曲和迭部等地区为主；随尺度的增大,土壤保持与产水量、碳储量,生境质量与碳储量在空间上趋向于协同. 研究结果可为甘南州生态可持续发展与土地规划提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, situated in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin, serves as a crucial ecological function area and an environmental fragile zone. Therefore, studying the changes in ecosystem services and their associated trade-offs in this region is important for sustainable development. This study focuses on the Gannan Prefecture, utilizing the InVEST model to analyze the spatio-temporal shifts in land use types from 1990 to 2020. The research evaluates four key ecosystem services within this region： soil conservation, water yield, habitat quality, and carbon storage. Furthermore, it explores the trade-off synergies among these services. The results showed that： ① Between 1990 and 2020, the Gannan Prefecture experienced significant shifts in land use patterns. Construction land, low-coverage grassland, water bodies, and arable land exhibited an increase, while forest land, medium-coverage grassland, high-coverage grassland, and unused land showed a decline. These transformations were widespread across the counties and districts of the Gannan Prefecture, with notable concentrations observed in its northern regions, such as Xiahe, Hezuo, and Zhuoni, and southern areas, including Maqu and Zhouqu. Specifically, arable land underwent predominant conversion into high-coverage grassland, while forest land similarly transitioned into high-coverage grassland. Conversely, high-coverage grassland was converted into forest land, and medium-coverage grassland transitioned into low-coverage grassland. ② Over the past three decades, substantial advancements have been observed in soil conservation and water yield, with increases of 2.90×108 t and 72.17×108 m3. However, changes in habitat quality and carbon storage have been minimal. Spatially, the high values of these four ecosystem services were primarily located in vegetated areas such as forests and grasslands, with counties like Diebu, Zhouqu, Maqu, and Zhuoni serving as primary examples. Between 1990 and 2000, soil conservation and water yield declined in most regions, with the exception of the Maqu County. However, post-2000, a significant increase was noted in soil conservation and water yield in counties and districts such as Xiahe, Luqu, Maqu, and Lintan. Carbon storage remained relatively consistent in counties like Maqu, Diebu, and Zhouqu, with the primary reductions observed in the Xiahe County and Hezuo City. Between 1990 and 2020, habitat quality was found to be deficient in the majority of areas, particularly in counties and districts such as Xiahe, Hezuo, Luqu, and Diebu. Furthermore, progressive expansion of regions experiencing a decline in habitat quality has been observed over time. ③ At spatial scales of 1, 5, and 10 km, a synergistic relationship existed among the four ecosystem services, with soil conservation and carbon storage showing robust synergy. Spatial trade-offs were predominantly observed in regions such as Maqu and Diebu, but as the scale expanded, soil conservation, water yield, carbon storage, and habitat quality tended to become spatially synergistic. These findings provide a scientific basis for ecological sustainable development and land planning in Gannan Prefecture. |
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