| 我国煤矸石空间分布特征与分级分质利用路径 |
| 摘要点击 560 全文点击 73 投稿时间：2024-01-30 修订日期：2024-06-12 |
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| 中文关键词 煤矸石 分级分质 产业政策 区域异质性 填沟造地 |
| 英文关键词 coal gangue graded utilization industrial policy regional heterogeneity backfilling disposal |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 我国煤矸石年产出量6~8亿t,而利用率维持在70%左右,堆存量已达60~70亿t且仍逐年累积,引发潜在环境风险. 由于不同聚煤阶段沉积的含煤地层岩性和矿物成分不同,煤矸石性质呈现显著区域差异,而当前研究和利用过程对煤矸石区域异质性关注较少,成为制约煤矸石利用率进一步提升的关键问题之一. 从产业政策、空间异质性和技术潜力角度,系统解析了煤矸石的利用现状与消纳潜力,提出了煤矸石区域化分级分质利用方案. 结果表明,在煤矸石利用重点鼓励方向中,由于经济性和消纳量限制,政策及相关研究的侧重点逐步从发电和生产建材等资源化处置手段转向井下充填及土地复垦等生态化处置手段. 近10 a来,煤矸石综合利用率由61.9%提升至72.2%,主要增长贡献来自充填处置,而发电和建材生产利用率分别稳定在21.6%和 7.5%. 可以预见,在全国层面,煤矸石生态化处置将是煤矸石利用的主要增长点. 在山西、陕西和内蒙古等煤矸石产量大且煤矸石集中度高的地区,应制定以充填处置为主、加工利用为辅的综合利用方案. 其中,内蒙古煤矸石以铝质岩矸石为主,可优先鼓励提铝和制备建材；山西煤矸石属砂岩质矸石,且热值较高,适合发电和制备建材. 华东地区煤矸石属黏土岩类和钙质岩矸石,且产量较低,当地建材市场足以覆盖矸石产出量,可作为优先利用方向. 山东和河北等地部分矿区因“三下”压煤占资源量的比例较高,可通过“以矸换煤”延长矿井服务年限,重点发展井下充填技术. |
| 英文摘要 |
| China produces 600-800 million tons of coal gangue annually, and the utilization rate is maintained at approximately 70%, while the cumulative storage has reached 60-70 billion tons and is still increasing year by year, posing potential environmental risks. Because of the different lithology and mineral composition of coal-bearing strata deposited in different coal-forming stages, the properties of coal gangue exhibit significant regional differences. However, the current research and utilization process pays less attention to the regional heterogeneity of coal gangue, becoming a key issue restricting further increase in the utilization rate of coal gangue. From the perspectives of industrial policies, spatial heterogeneity, and technological potential, the current utilization status and utilization potential of coal gangue were systematically analyzed in this study, leading to the proposal of a regionalized grading and utilization scheme for coal gangue. The results indicate that, in the key directions encouraged for coal gangue utilization, because of economic and utilization constraints, policies and related research have gradually been shifting from focusing on power generation and production of building materials to eco-friendly disposal techniques such as underground filling and land reclamation. Over the past decade, the comprehensive utilization rate of coal gangue has increased from 61.9% to 72.2%, with the main growth contribution coming from filling disposal, while utilization in power generation and building material production has remained stable at 21.6% and 7.5%, respectively. Eco-friendly disposal of coal gangue will be the main growth point for its utilization nationwide. In regions with large coal gangue production, such as Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia, where coal gangue concentration is high, comprehensive utilization plans focusing on filling disposal as the primary method and processing utilization as secondary should be established. Among these regions, Inner Mongolia’s coal gangue mainly consists of alumina-rich rock gangue, which should be prioritized for alumina extraction and building material production； Shanxi’s coal gangue is mainly sandstone gangue with high calorific value, suitable for power generation and building material preparation； the coal gangue in the eastern region mainly comprises claystone and calcareous rock gangue, with relatively low production levels, and the local building material market is sufficient to cover the gangue output, making it a priority utilization direction； and in some mining areas in Shandong and Hebei, where the proportion of coal mining under “three conditions” is relatively high, extending the service life of mines can be achieved through “coal-for-gangue” substitution, with a focus on the development of underground filling technology. |
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