| 城市河流多介质中微塑料时空分布及风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 560 全文点击 77 投稿时间：2024-05-08 修订日期：2024-06-16 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料（MPs） 时空分布 风险评估 城市河流 地表水 沉积物 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics （MPs） temporal and spatial distribution risk assessment urban river surface water sediment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 城市河流中日益严重的微塑料（MPs）污染已引起全球关注. 目前关于内陆河流中微塑料的时空分布研究较为缺乏. 为了解城市河流微塑料的时空动态特征,相继于丰水期和枯水期采集渭河流域关中段水体和沉积物样品,结合多次密度浮选提取法和光谱分析法对沉积物中微塑料的丰度、形态特征和聚合物类型进行系统研究,明确流域中微塑料的时空分布及迁移特征. 结果表明,河水中微塑料丰度变化范围为1.02~10.32 items·L-1,沉积物中微塑料丰度变化范围为220.30~2 840.40 items·kg-1,表层水和沉积物均表现出枯水期丰度显著高于丰水期（P<0.05）. 微塑料粒径以 <0.1 mm和0.5~1 mm的小粒径为主,纤维是最主要的微塑料形状. 聚乙烯（PE）和聚丙烯（PP）是主要微塑料类型. 总体污染风险均处于轻度污染. 研究结果可为科学认识城市河流微塑料污染状况,制定塑料管控措施提供一定的借鉴. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The increasingly serious pollution of microplastics （MPs） in urban rivers has attracted global attention. At present, there is a lack of research on the spatiotemporal distribution of microplastics in inland rivers. In order to understand the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of microplastics in urban rivers, water and sediment samples were collected from the Guanzhong section of the Weihe River Basin during the wet and dry seasons. The abundance, morphological characteristics, and polymer types of microplastics in the sediment were systematically studied using multiple density flotation extraction and spectral analysis methods to clarify the spatiotemporal distribution and migration characteristics of microplastics in the watershed. The results showed that the variation range of microplastics in river water was 1.02-10.32 items·L-1, and the variation range of microplastics in sediment was 220.30-2 840.40 items·kg-1. Both surface water and sediment showed significantly higher abundance during the dry season than during the wet season （P<0.05）. The particle size of microplastics was mainly small particles with sizes of <0.1 mm and 0.5-1 mm, and fibers were the main shape of microplastics in the sediments. Polyethylene （PE） and polypropylene （PP） were the main types of microplastics. The overall pollution risk was mild pollution. The results of this study can provide some reference for the scientific understanding of microplastic pollution in urban rivers and the formulation of plastic control measures. |
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