| 降雨对河流水质影响及污染源解析：以鉴江茂名段为例 |
| 摘要点击 542 全文点击 83 投稿时间：2024-01-29 修订日期：2024-05-29 |
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| 中文关键词 降雨 水质 污染源 绝对主成分-多元线性回归（APCS-MLR） 鉴江 |
| 英文关键词 rainfall water quality pollution source absolute principal component-multiple regression（APCS-MLR） Jianjiang River |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王登超 | 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 | wangdengchaode@163.com | | 李发东 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049 | | | 李曹乐 | 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 | | | 吴坤 | 茂名市生态环境局, 茂名 525400 | | | 王凡 | 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 | | | 刘山宝 | 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 | | | 李兆 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101 | | | 魏潇淑 | 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 | | | 王一喆 | 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 | | | 姜菁秋 | 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 | | | 张秋英 | 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 | zhangqy@craes.org.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究降雨对工业农业混合型城市地区河流水质的影响并解析其污染源,以珠江水系粤西诸河的最大支流鉴江为例,选取鉴江茂名段的6个河流监测断面和3个气象站为研究对象,采用箱线图、相关性分析和绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型分析鉴江茂名段的降雨与水质关系,解析污染源对水质的贡献. 结果表明：①河流水质春冬季节优于夏秋季节. 河流水质总体表现为,镇盛、江口门和罗江桥断面水质优于地表水Ⅲ类,而石碧、米急渡和塘口断面水质在夏秋季节面临较高超标风险. 夏秋季节的DO、高锰酸盐指数、WT和TP等随降雨强度增强而增加,而EC、AN和TN呈相反趋势. 其中石碧、米急渡和塘口断面水质pH、DO、EC和TN随降雨强度增加而降低,而高锰酸盐指数、AN和TP呈相反趋势. ②河流水质受季节、气象因子和降雨强度影响,降雨对WT、AN和TP的影响较大. 河流水质在夏季和秋季随降雨量的增加而恶化,此外,随着降雨强度增加,季节和空间位置与水质指标和气象要素的关系减弱,气象要素和水质间的耦合关系加强. ③无雨时,城镇污染源和气象因子对河流水质的贡献率最高,其中,城镇污染源对EC和高锰酸盐指数贡献率为66.25%和51.94%,其他源贡献相对较低,而随着降雨强度增加,其他源贡献呈增加趋势,农业面源贡献总体呈现先增加后减少趋势. 大暴雨时,其他源对水质贡献率介于35.17%~93.46%. 综上,夏季和秋季的强降雨是鉴江茂名段水质超标的重要原因,未来亟需加强对城市污染物、农业面源和其他源（工业、养殖和内源释放等）的管理. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the effects of rainfall on river water quality in a mixed-industrial-agricultural urban area and to analyze the sources of pollution, this study focused on the Jianjiang River, the primary tributary of the western reaches of the Pearl River system. To investigate the impact of rainfall on river water quality in an urban area with mixed industrial and agricultural activities, six river monitoring sections along the Maoming segment of the Jianjiang River, along with three meteorological stations, were chosen as the research sites. Utilizing box-and-whisker plots, correlation analysis, and the absolute principal component-multiple regression model, this study examined the rainfall-water quality relationship within the Maoming section of the Jianjiang River. Additionally, it assessed the contributions of various pollutant sources to water quality in the region. The results showed that： ① The river water quality in the Jianjiang River's Maoming section was generally better in spring and winter compared to that in summer and autumn. Specifically, the Zhensheng, Jiangkoumen, and Luojiangqiao sections consistently maintained water quality that exceeded Surface Water Category III standards. However, the Shibi, Mijidu, and Tangkou sections were at a higher risk of exceeding water quality standards during summer and autumn, particularly with increasing rainfall intensity. In these seasons, dissolved oxygen （DO）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, turbidity （WT）, and total phosphorus （TP） tended to increase with rainfall intensity, while electrical conductivity （EC）, ammonia nitrogen （AN）, and total nitrogen （TN） showed opposite trends. Notably, the pH, DO, EC, and TN in the Shibi, Mijidu, and Tangkou sections decreased with rainfall intensity, whereas COD, AN, and TP exhibited the opposite pattern. ② River water quality was influenced by seasonal variations, meteorological factors, and rainfall intensity, with rainfall having a significant impact on water temperature, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus. During summer and autumn, river water quality deteriorated with increasing rainfall. Moreover, as rainfall intensity rose, the relationship between season, spatial location, water quality indicators, and meteorological factors weakened, while the coupling between meteorological factors and water quality strengthened. ③ In the absence of rain, urban pollution sources and meteorological factors were the primary contributors to river water quality, with urban pollution sources accounting for 66.25% of electrical conductivity and chemical oxygen demand and 51.94% of other parameters. The contribution of other sources was relatively low but increased with rainfall intensity. Agricultural surface sources generally showed an increasing and then decreasing trend of contribution with rainfall intensity. During heavy rainfall, the contribution of other sources to water quality ranged from 35.17%-93.46%. In conclusion, the study indicates that heavy rainfall during summer and autumn is a significant factor leading to water quality standard exceedance in the Maoming section of the Jianjiang River. It underscores the critical need for enhanced management of urban pollutants, agricultural surface runoff, and other sources including industrial, aquaculture, and endogenous releases to improve and maintain water quality in the river. |
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