| 基于InVEST模型的粤港澳大湾区湿地碳储量时空变化分析 |
| 摘要点击 755 全文点击 105 投稿时间：2024-04-03 修订日期：2024-05-31 |
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| 中文关键词 湿地 碳储量 时空特征 InVEST模型 粤港澳大湾区 |
| 英文关键词 wetlands carbon sequestration spatio-temporal characteristics InVEST model Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 湿地生态系统碳汇对实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义. 采用长时间序列和精细化湿地分类数据分析粤港澳大湾区1990~2020年的湿地时空变化特征,并基于InVEST模型评估其湿地生态系统的碳储量及固碳能力变化. 结果表明：①1990~2020年间,大湾区湿地面积呈现先增加后减少的特征,其中,1990~2000年增加,2000~2020年持续减少,截至2020年,湿地面积增加了181.08 km2,主要增长类别为河渠和水库/坑塘. 大湾区湿地主要分布在珠江及其支系水系沿岸以及黄茅海湾、淇澳岛、深圳湾这3个滨海区域. ②1990~2020年,大湾区湿地生态系统碳储量也呈现先增加后减少的特征,截至2020年,湿地碳储量减少了0.12×106 t. 主要湿地类别的平均碳储量占比由大到小依次是水库/坑塘、河渠、沿海滩涂、内地滩涂、红树林、沼泽地和湖泊. ③研究期内大湾区湿地面积增加而碳储量呈减少趋势,单位面积湿地平均碳储量持续下降,表明湿地生态系统固碳能力下降,主要原因是水稻种植、水产养殖等人类活动侵占了大量湿地,导致高固碳能力的沿海滩涂持续减少. 红树林固碳能力较高且面积迅速增加,但其面积及占比极小（< 0.50%）,无法抵消沿海滩涂、内陆滩涂和沼泽地减少带来的固碳能力损失. 研究结果可为大湾区湿地保护和增强湿地生态系统碳汇能力提供决策依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The carbon sequestration capacity of wetland ecosystems is of great significance for achieving the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals. Spatio-temporal changes in wetlands and the carbon sequestration capacity of the wetland ecosystem in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area （GBA） during 1990 and 2020 were investigated based on long-term series and refined wetlands classification datasets. The results showed that： First, the area of wetlands in the GBA increased from 1990 to 2000 and then decreased from 2000 to 2020. The total wetland area increased by 181.08 km2 during the study period, with river channel and reservoirs/ponds as the main growth categories. Wetlands in the GBA were mainly distributed along the banks of the Pearl River and its tributaries, as well as in three coastal areas namely Huangmao Bay, Qi'ao Island, and Shenzhen Bay. Second, the carbon storage changing characteristics of the wetland ecosystem were similar to that of the area, which showed a similar pattern of an initial increased and subsequent decrease during the study period. The carbon storage of the wetlands decreased by 0.12×106 t in the past 30 years. The order of the average carbon storage proportions of the wetland types were reservoir/pond, river channel, coastal beach, inland beach, mangrove, wetland, and lake. Third, the wetland area in the GBA increased, while the carbon storage showed a decreasing trend during the study period. The average carbon storage per unit area of wetlands continued to decrease during the study period, which indicates a continuous decline in the carbon sequestration capacity and quality of the wetland ecosystem, which could be attributed to the encroachment of human activities, such as rice cultivation and aquaculture on a large number of wetlands, leading to a continuous decline in coastal beaches with high carbon sequestration capacity. Although the area of mangrove increased rapidly, yet its area and proportion were too small to offset the carbon sequestration capacity loss induced by the mass disappearance of mudflat, floodplain, and swamp. These findings provide decision-making support for protecting wetlands and enhancing the carbon sink capacity of wetland ecosystems in the GBA. |
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