| 炭基肥对旱区玉米农田土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物群落的影响 |
| 摘要点击 982 全文点击 184 投稿时间：2024-04-25 修订日期：2024-05-24 |
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| 中文关键词 炭基肥 旱区 土壤理化性质 土壤酶活性 微生物 |
| 英文关键词 carbon-based fertilizer arid region soil physical and chemical properties soil enzyme activity microorganism |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 探讨炭基肥对土壤环境因子和微生物群落的影响,可以解决如何通过炭基肥改善旱区土壤状况和促进农业可持续发展的问题. 以玉米“先玉335”为供试品种,采用随机区组设计,设5个处理：CK（普通化肥450 kg·hm-2）、T1（炭基肥1 125 kg·hm-2）、T2（炭基肥1 013 kg·hm-2）、T3（炭基肥900 kg·hm-2）和T4（炭基肥788 kg·hm-2）,采集成熟期玉米农田土壤,分析不同炭基肥处理对土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性和微生物多样性的影响. 结果表明：①与单施化肥相比,施用炭基肥显著降低旱区农田土壤容重,增大土壤间孔隙度与田间持水量,提高土壤养分及酶活性. T1和T2处理的有机碳、全氮和全磷含量分别显著增加13.68%~32.63%、25.00%~26.79%和35.00%~47.50%,脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性分别显著增加49.04%~91.35%、48.88%~58.71%和20.69%~31.03%. ②T3和T4处理降低了微生物的Chao1、Shannon、Simpson、Faith_pd和Pielou_e指数. 各处理优势菌门为变形菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门,相对丰度为71.50%~86.66%,T1和T2处理显著增加了变形菌门和放线菌门相对丰度,降低了酸杆菌门相对丰度. 各处理下微生物的氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、能量代谢、遗传信息处理和新陈代谢功能的相对丰度无显著性差异,均在18.12%~21.34%之间. ③相关性分析显示,除土壤容重外,土壤物理性质、土壤养分与土壤酶之间呈显著正相关,不同优势菌门与土壤环境因子之间的关系存在显著差异,微生物的6个功能通路与土壤养分显著正相关. PLS-SEM分析发现,炭基肥通过调控土壤物理性质、土壤养分以及土壤酶直接或间接影响微生物群落,土壤养分是土壤微生物群落演替的主要驱动参数. 最后,PCA分析显示,土壤综合肥力表现为：T2>T1>T3>CK>T4. 综上,炭基肥改善了旱区土壤的物理、化学和生物特性,从而提高了土壤综合肥力,炭基肥1 013~1 125 kg·hm-2的施用量适合在旱区玉米种植中推广. |
| 英文摘要 |
| This study investigates the impact of biochar-based fertilizer on soil environmental factors and microbial communities to address how biochar-based fertilizer can improve soil conditions in arid regions and promote sustainable agricultural development. To achieve these goals, maize “Xianyu 335” was selected as the test variety and a random block design was adopted to set up five treatments： CK （conventional fertilizer at 450 kg·hm-2）, T1 （biochar-based fertilizer at 1 125 kg·hm-2）, T2 （biochar-based fertilizer at 1 013 kg·hm-2）, T3 （biochar-based fertilizer at 900 kg·hm-2）, and T4 （biochar-based fertilizer at 788 kg·hm-2）. Soil samples were collected from mature corn fields and analyzed for changes in soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and microbial diversity under the different biochar-based fertilizer treatments. The results showed that： ① Compared with that using chemical fertilizer alone, the application of biochar-based fertilizer significantly reduced the soil bulk density, increased the soil porosity and field water capacity, and increased the soil nutrients and enzyme activities. The contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the T1 and T2 treatments were significantly increased by 13.68%-32.63%, 25.00%-26.79%, and 35.00%-47.50%, respectively. The activities of urease, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased by 49.04%-91.35%, 48.88%-58.71%, and 20.69%-31.03%, respectively. ② The T3 and T4 treatments reduced the Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, Faith_pd, and Pielou_e indices of microorganisms. The dominant bacteria of each treatment were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, with relative abundances ranging from 71.50%-86.66%. The T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes and decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria. No significant difference was observed in the relative abundance of amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, genetic information processing, and metabolic function, all of which were between 18.12% and 21.34%. ③ Correlation analysis showed that in addition to soil bulk density, soil physical properties, soil nutrients, and soil enzymes were significantly positively correlated with each other, and significant differences were present in the relationship between different dominant bacteria and soil environmental factors. The six functional pathways of microorganisms were significantly positively correlated with soil nutrients. PLS-SEM analysis showed that biochar-based fertilizer directly or indirectly affected the microbial community by regulating soil physical properties, soil nutrients, and soil enzymes, and soil nutrients were the main driving parameters of soil microbial community succession. Finally, PCA analysis showed that the comprehensive fertility of soil was T2>T1>T3>CK>T4. Overall, biochar-based fertilizer improved the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil in arid regions, thereby enhancing soil fertility. A biochar-based fertilizer application rate of 1 013-1 125 kg·hm-2 is recommended for promoting corn cultivation in arid areas. |
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