| 盐渍土施用有机物料对作物生长及土壤盐碱指标的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1000 全文点击 118 投稿时间：2024-03-29 修订日期：2024-05-17 |
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| 中文关键词 有机物料 微生物菌剂 腐植酸 有机肥 生物炭 秸秆 |
| 英文关键词 organic material microbial agents humic acid organic fertilizer biochar straw |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 杨晓娟 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | y17602969129@163.com | | 何浩 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | | | 程李洋 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | | | 常相杰 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | | | 李帅 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | | | 余梦梦 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | | | 王彬全 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | | | 李俊华 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | ljh630703@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为盐渍化土壤科学施用有机物料并促进土壤质量提升提供理论依据,并探究有机物料-盐渍土-植物系统的响应表型,以新疆地区盐渍化土壤为研究对象,以棉花、油菜和油葵为应试作物,设置对照组、微生物菌剂、腐植酸、有机肥、生物炭及秸秆这6个处理进行室内培养试验,分析中度盐渍化土壤条件下不同有机物料对棉花、油葵和油菜这3种作物生长状况及土壤盐碱指标的影响,筛选出有一定改良效果的组合,为有机物料在新疆的应用和推广提供一定试验依据. 结果表明,与对照处理相比,微生物菌剂、有机肥和生物炭施入对作物生长的促进效果显著,出苗60 d时,微生物菌剂、有机肥和生物炭施入后棉花干重分别增加了41%、43%和25%；油葵干重分别增加了5%、13%和27%；油菜干重分别增加了113%、104%和83%. 有机肥和生物炭施入后棉花出苗率分别提升了14.3%和10.2%,油菜出苗率分别提升了26.50%和20.82%. 综合3种作物,以出苗60 d时土壤盐碱指标分析结果为例,微生物菌剂和秸秆施入对土壤的水溶性盐总量无显著影响,腐植酸、有机肥和生物炭施入会使土壤水溶性盐总量升高；微生物菌剂、秸秆的施入可以降低土壤pH,腐植酸和生物炭施入会使土壤pH升高；各有机物料施入土壤电导率均有所升高,其中腐植酸处理升高最显著；微生物菌剂和秸秆处理土壤碱化度降低效果最好,其余处理差异不显著；秸秆可以降低土壤钠吸附比,腐植酸和有机肥的施入会使土壤钠吸附比升高. 综合来看,以促进作物生长为目的的盐渍土推荐施入微生物菌剂、有机肥和生物炭；以培肥改善土壤质量为目的的盐渍土推荐施入微生物菌剂和秸秆. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To provide a theoretical basis for the scientific application of organic materials in salinized soil and the improvement of soil quality and to explore the response phenotype of an organic material-salinized soil-plant system, the salinized soil in Xinjiang was considered as the research object, and cotton, rape, and oil sunflower were considered as the test crops. Six treatments, including the control group, microbial agent, humic acid, organic fertilizer, biochar, and straw, were set up for indoor culture experiments. The effects of different organic materials on the growth of cotton, oil sunflower, and rape crops and soil saline-alkali indexes under moderate salinization soil conditions were analyzed, and the combinations with certain improvement effects were screened out. This provided a certain experimental basis for the application and promotion of organic materials in Xinjiang. The results showed that, compared with that under the control treatment, the application of the microbial inoculant, organic fertilizer, and biochar had a significant effect on crop growth. At 60 d of emergence, the dry weight of cotton after the application of the microbial inoculant, organic fertilizer, and biochar increased by 41%, 43%, and 25%, respectively. The dry weight of oil sunflower increased by 5%, 13%, and 27%, respectively. The dry weight of rape increased by 113%, 104%, and 83%, respectively. After the application of organic fertilizer and biochar, the emergence rate of cotton and rape increased by 14.3% and 10.2%, respectively, and 26.50% and 20.82%, respectively. Taking the results of the soil salt-alkali index analysis at 60 d after seedling emergence as an example, the application of the microbial agent and straw had no significant effect on the total amount of water-soluble salt in the soil, whereas the application of humic acid, organic fertilizer, and biochar increased the total amount of water-soluble salt in the soil. The application of the microbial agent and straw could reduce soil pH, and the application of humic acid and biochar could increase soil pH. Soil electrical conductivity of all organic materials increased and humic acid treatment increased the most significantly. The effect of the microbial agent and straw treatment on soil alkalinity was the best, whereas the other treatments showed no significant difference. Straw could reduce soil sodium adsorption ratio, and humic acid and organic fertilizer could increase the soil sodium adsorption ratio. In summary, it is recommended to apply microbial agents, organic fertilizers, and biochar to saline soil for the purpose of promoting crop growth, and to apply a microbial agent and straw to saline soil for the purpose of improving soil quality. |
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