| 河南省县域土地利用碳收支时空格局与碳补偿分区 |
| 摘要点击 953 全文点击 131 投稿时间：2024-03-25 修订日期：2024-05-16 |
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| 中文关键词 碳收支 碳补偿 碳中和 土地利用 县域单元 河南省 |
| 英文关键词 carbon budget carbon compensation carbon neutrality land use county unit Henan Province |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 作为中国重要的人口、农业、工业及能源消耗大省,河南省正处于经济低碳转型与能源结构优化的攻坚期和机遇期,开展县域层面碳收支评估与碳补偿研究,对推进中部低碳经济协调发展,实现中国2060年碳中和愿景具有重要意义. 选取河南省123个县级单元为研究对象,基于2000~2020年河南省土地利用数据,构建碳收支估算模型并借助修正后的碳补偿模型测度横向补偿标准,研究主体功能区视角下河南省碳收支时空格局与碳补偿分区,并提出低碳经济发展为导向的区域发展策略. 结果表明：①2000~2020年河南省县域土地利用碳排放总量先增后降,2015年为峰值,建设用地为主要碳源；碳吸收量持续稳定增长,耕地和林地是主要的碳汇载体；碳收支呈现出显著的时空分异特征,碳吸收量呈现“西高东低,南高北低”的空间格局,碳排放量空间上表现为“中部与北部为高值聚集,向外扩散低值分散”的特点. ②河南省碳排放强度和净碳排放量空间分布特征相似,表现为“中部和北部为高值,向外逐渐降低”；2000~2020年碳排放强度均值功能区顺序[t·（104元）-1]：国家级重点开发区（1.09）>省级重点开发区域（0.93）>农业主产区（0.83）>省级生态功能区（0.70）>国家级重点生态功能区（0.47）；净碳排放量均值功能区顺序（×104 t）：国家级重点开发区（165.94）>省级重点开发区域（52.55）>农业主产区（-35.52）>省级生态功能区（-47.11）>国家级重点生态功能区（-60.93）；碳补偿率空间分布特征相反,其均值的功能区顺序（%）：省级重点生态功能区（821）>国家级生态功能区（773）>农业主产区（412）>省级重点开发区域>（198）>国家级重点开发区（11）. ③碳补偿价值空间分异明显,2020年河南省123个县域单元总计碳支付、碳补偿额度分别为9 207.09×104元和4 819.29×104元,最终共确定45个支付区、78个受偿区,其中重度支付区20个,重度受偿区30个. ④主体功能区视角下,河南省共分为7个碳强度控制区、33个碳总量控制区、12个碳收支均衡区、12个低碳优化区和59个绿色碳汇区,在此基础上,提出河南省低碳经济发展导向的区域性优化策略. 研究结果可为河南省123个县域单元建立健全符合区域特点的碳补偿机制提供参考,为推进中部低碳经济协调发展和实现碳中和目标贡献力量. |
| 英文摘要 |
| As an important province in China with a large population, agriculture, industry, and energy consumption, Henan Province is in a period of attack and opportunity for low-carbon transformation of its economy and optimization of its energy structure, and carrying out a study on the assessment of carbon budget and carbon compensation at the county level, to promote the coordinated development of a low-carbon economy in central China and to realize China's vision of carbon neutrality by 2060, is important. The study selected 123 county-level units in Henan Province as the research object, based on the land use data of Henan Province from 2000 to 2020, constructed the carbon balance estimation model and measured the horizontal compensation standard with the help of the modified carbon compensation model, studied the spatio-temporal pattern of carbon balance and carbon compensation zoning of Henan Province under the perspective of the main functional area, and put forward the regional development strategy guided by the development of low-carbon economy. The research results demonstrated that： ① From 2000 to 2020, the total amount of carbon emissions from land use in Henan Province first increased and then decreased, with the peak in 2015, and the construction land was the major source of carbon. The amount of carbon absorption continued to grow steadily, and arable land and forest land were the major carriers of carbon sinks. The carbon budget showed significant spatial and temporal characteristics； carbon absorption showed a spatial pattern of “high in the west and low in the east, high in the south and low in the north；” and carbon emissions were spatially characterized by “a concentration of high values in the center and the north and a scattering of low values towards the outside.” ② Henan Province exhibited similar spatial patterns in carbon intensity and net emissions, with high values in the central and northern regions tapering off outwards. From 2000 to 2020, carbon emission intensity ranked as follows： national key development zones （1.09） > provincial key areas （0.93） > agricultural areas （0.83） > provincial ecological zones （0.70） > national ecological zones （0.47）. For net carbon emissions, the order was （×104 t）： national key zones （165.94） > provincial key areas （52.55） > agricultural areas （-35.52） > provincial ecological zones （-47.11） > national ecological zones （-60.93）. Conversely, carbon compensation rates（%） were highest in provincial ecological zones （821）, followed by those in national ecological zones （773）, agricultural areas （412）, provincial key areas （198）, and lowest in national key zones （11）. ③ Carbon compensation varied significantly across 123 counties in Henan Province, with a total carbon payment of 9 207.09×104 yuan and offset of 4 819.29×104 yuan in 2020. A total of 45 payment zones and 78 compensation zones were identified, including 20 heavy payment zones and 30 heavy compensation zones. ④ Henan Province was divided into seven carbon intensity control areas, 33 total carbon control areas, 12 carbon balance areas, 12 low-carbon optimization areas, and 59 green carbon sink areas based on main functional areas. A regional optimization strategy was proposed to foster low-carbon economy development in Henan Province. The study offers insights for 123 counties in Henan Province to establish localized carbon compensation mechanisms, supporting the coordinated low-carbon economic development in central China and the pursuit of carbon neutrality. |
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