| 长期咸水滴灌对棉田土壤磷循环微生物群落结构及功能基因的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1088 全文点击 170 投稿时间：2024-02-05 修订日期：2024-04-26 |
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| 中文关键词 咸水滴灌 宏基因组学 棉田土壤 磷循环 微生物 |
| 英文关键词 saline drip irrigation metagenomics cotton field soil phosphorus cycle microorganism |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 叶扬 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | yeyang202210@163.com | | 郭晓雯 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | | | 杨茂琪 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | | | 闵伟 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | | | 郭慧娟 | 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子 832003 | guohjmw@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 干旱地区淡水资源匮乏,合理利用咸水资源可以缓解当地淡水短缺的问题,但长期咸水滴灌会增加土壤盐渍化风险,继而影响土壤养分的转化和微生物多样性. 土壤的磷素供应对作物的生长至关重要,然而长期咸水滴灌如何影响土壤磷转化的过程还不清晰. 因此,为探究长期咸水滴灌对棉田土壤磷转化微生物及其功能基因的影响,试验设置淡水（0.35 dS·m-1,FW）和咸水（8.04 dS·m-1,SW）两种灌溉水盐度. 结果表明,长期咸水滴灌显著降低棉花干物质重、磷素吸收、产量以及土壤pH、Ca2-P和Ca10-P含量,但显著增加棉花含磷率和土壤含水量、电导率、速效磷、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P和O-P含量. 各处理在门水平上优势物种为变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门和绿弯菌门；在纲水平上优势物种为α-变形菌纲、放线菌纲、β-变形菌纲、嗜热油菌纲和γ‐变形菌纲. 长期咸水滴灌显著降低放线菌门、酸杆菌门和硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度,但显著增加变形菌门、芽单胞菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度；显著降低有机磷矿化基因phnA、转运基因pit以及多聚磷酸盐合成基因ppaC的表达量,但显著增加多聚磷酸盐降解基因HDDC3,有机磷矿化基因phnG、phoA、phnH、phnL、phnM、phnN、phnP和phnW,转运基因phnK、phnE、phnC和phnD以及调控基因phoB的表达量. 相关性分析表明土壤磷循环微生物和功能基因与土壤理化性质以及土壤无机磷组分含量紧密相关. 因此,长期咸水滴灌通过影响土壤理化性质和无机磷组分含量来改变土壤中磷循环微生物群落组成,进而驱动磷循环相关功能基因进行表达来调控和适应盐胁迫. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Freshwater resources are scarce in arid regions, and the rational use of brackish water resources can alleviate local freshwater shortages, but long-term brackish drip irrigation increases the risk of soil salinization, which in turn affects soil nutrient transformation and microbial diversity. Soil phosphorus availability is critical for crop growth, yet it is unclear how long-term brackish drip irrigation will affect soil phosphorus transformation. Therefore, to investigate the effects of long-term brackish drip irrigation on soil phosphorus-transforming microorganisms and their functional genes in cotton fields, the experiment was set up with two irrigation water salinities, freshwater （0.35 dS·m-1, FW） and brackish water （8.04 dS·m-1, SW）. The results showed that long-term brackish drip irrigation significantly decreased cotton dry matter weight, phosphorus uptake, yield, soil pH, and Ca2-P and Ca10-P contents but significantly increased cotton phosphorus content and soil water content； electrical conductivity； quick phosphorus； and Ca8-P, Al-P, Fe-P, and O-P contents. The dominant species in each treatment at the phylum level were Ascomycetes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacillus, and Greenscapes； and at the phylum level, the dominant species were α-Ascomycetes, Actinobacteria, β-Ascomycetes, Oleococcus thermophilus, and γ-Ascomycetes. including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Chloroflexi. Select dominant species at the class level included Alphaproteobacteria, Actinomycetia, Betaproteobacteria, Thermoleophilia, and Gammaproteobacteria. Long-term saline drip irrigation significantly reduced the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Nitrospirae but significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Bacteroidetes and significantly reduced the expression levels of the organic phosphorus mineralization gene phnA, transport gene pit, and polyphosphate synthesis gene ppaC. Moreover, it significantly increased the expression levels of the polyphosphate degradation gene HDDC3； organic phosphorus mineralization genes phnG, phoA, phnH, phnL, phnM, phnN, phnP, and phnW； transport genes phnK, phnE, phnC, and phnD； and the regulatory gene phoB. Correlation analysis showed that soil phosphorus-cycling microorganisms and functional genes were closely related to soil physicochemical properties and soil inorganic phosphorus content. Therefore, long-term saline drip irrigation changes the composition of soil phosphorus-cycling microorganisms by affecting soil physical and chemical properties and inorganic phosphorus content, which in turn drives the expression of phosphorus-cycling-related functional genes to regulate and adapt to salt stress. |
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