| 生物质炭施用量与频率对黄壤养分和关键酶活性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 874 全文点击 160 投稿时间：2024-02-26 修订日期：2024-04-20 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 施用频率 土壤养分 酶活性 结构方程模型 |
| 英文关键词 biochar application frequency soil nutrients enzyme activities structural equation model |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李开钰 | 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025 | kaiyu.lee@qq.com | | 宋理洪 | 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025
乐山师范学院新能源材料与化学学院, 乐山 614000
乐山西部硅材料光伏新能源产业技术研究院, 乐山 614000 | lihong_song@qq.com | | 张龑 | 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025 | | | 刘懿 | 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025 | | | 冉沁瑶 | 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025 | | | 杨三维 | 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025 | ysvysv@163.com | | 陈祖拥 | 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025 | | | 何冠谛 | 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 黄壤是我国南方主要地带性土壤,占全国耕地面积的28%,探索生物炭对黄壤养分及关键酶活性的调控机制,对土壤健康恢复和粮食安全具有重要意义. 通过大田长期定位试验,以不施用生物炭为对照（CK）,研究生物炭在5、10、20和 50 t·hm-2施用水平,不同施用频率下（一次性施用：B5、B10、B20、B50和等量炭逐年连续施用：B5-3、B10-3、B20-3、B50-3）,对黄壤养分及关键酶活性的影响. 结果表明,黄壤农田施用生物炭能显著提高土壤pH和EC,增加碱解氮、有效磷和有机碳含量,增强了土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性；且逐年连续施用的土壤养分和酶活性均高于生物炭一次性施用. 生物炭施用频率和施用量对土壤pH、EC、碱解氮、有机碳、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响无显著交互作用；对有效磷和脲酶活性存在交互作用,对速效钾含量存在极显著交互作作用. 结构方程模型表明,生物炭对土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性存在直接的负效应,其通过影响土壤养分间接增加酶活性. 两种施用频率下,生物炭施用均能提高土壤综合肥力；一次性施用频率处理B10综合得分高于其他处理,pH、EC、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机碳含量、脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性较CK分别增加了8.31%、13.28%、22.18%、10.68%、21.49%、15.40%、44.79%、16.62%、35.68%和16.62%；逐年施用频率处理B50-3综合得分高于其他处理,pH、EC、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机碳含量、脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性较CK分别增加了15.11%、26.26%、11.02%、43.30%、17.29%、36.68%、20.44%、3.71%、18.38%和16.62%. 综上,黄壤农田施用生物炭能提高土壤养分含量和关键酶活性,有效提高土壤生产力,等量生物炭逐年连续施用效果更优,研究可为生物炭的推广与黄壤农田改良提供科学依据与理论基础. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Yellow soil, predominant in the southern regions of China, constitutes 28% of the nation's cultivated land. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms of biochar on nutrient levels and key enzyme activities in yellow soil holds significance for soil health restoration and food security. This study investigated the effects of different amounts and frequencies of biochar application on yellow soil nutrients and enzyme activities. The experiment involved two biochar application frequencies： ① a once'application amount of biochar at rates of 5 （B5）, 10 （B10）, 20 （B20）, and 50 （B50） t·hm-2, and ② a consistent application of an equivalent total amount of biochar over three years at rates of 5 （B5-3）, 10 （B10-3）, 20 （B20-3）, and 50 （B50-3） t·hm-2. A control treatment （CK） without biochar application （0 t·hm-2） was included. The results of the study showed that the application of biochar in the yellow soil agriculture ecosystem significantly increased soil pH and electrical conductivity （EC）. Moreover, it improved the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen （AN）, available phosphorus （AP）, and organic carbon （SOC）. Furthermore, the activities of urease, phosphatase, sucrase, and catalase in the soil were increased by the application of biochar. A comparison between the two application modes showed that the continuous application of biochar resulted in higher soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities. No significant interactive effects of different biochar amounts and frequencies exist on soil pH, EC, AN, SOC, phosphatase, sucrase, and catalase activities. However, interactive effects were observed on AP, available potassium （AK）, and urease activity. The structural equation model elucidated that biochar had a direct negative effect on the activities of soil urease, catalase, phosphatase, and sucrase. Nevertheless, it indirectly promoted enzyme activity by enhancing soil nutrient levels. The application of biochar in yellow soil agriculture ecosystems consistently enhanced the soil's comprehensive fertility under both application modes. Among the once-application models, B10 emerged as the most effective treatment, exhibiting a higher comprehensive fertility score than that of other treatments. Specifically, compared to those in the control （CK）, soil pH, EC, AN, AP, AK, SOC, urease, phosphatase, sucrase, and catalase activities in B10 increased by 8.31%, 13.28%, 22.18%, 10.68%, 21.49%, 15.40%, 44.79%, 16.62%, 35.68%, and 16.62%, respectively. In contrast, for the continuous three-year application of biochar, treatment B50-3 had the highest comprehensive fertility score. Compared to that in CK, soil pH in B50-3 increased by 15.11%, EC by 26.26%, AN by 11.02%, AP by 43.30%, AK by 17.29%, SOC by 36.68%, urease by 20.44%, phosphatase by 3.71%, sucrase by 18.38%, and catalase activities by 16.62%. In summary, the application of biochar in yellow soil farmland could effectively enhance soil fertility by increasing soil nutrient content and enzyme activities. Further, this study revealed that the effect of continuous annual application of biochar surpassed that of once-application of biochar, indicating the long-term benefits of this practice in maintaining and improving soil health and food security. |
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