| 黄土高原长期覆盖措施下农田土壤酶活性与微生物养分限制的响应特征 |
| 摘要点击 1105 全文点击 143 投稿时间：2024-02-13 修订日期：2024-04-28 |
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| 中文关键词 黄土高原 长期覆盖措施 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 微生物养分限制 |
| 英文关键词 Loess Plateau long-term mulching measures soil nutrient soil enzyme activity microbial nutrient restriction |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究黄土高原区长期覆盖措施对农田土壤酶活性与微生物养分限制的响应特征,基于2008年开展的长期田间定位试验,研究采用随机区组设计,设置常规无覆盖（NM）、秸秆覆盖（SM）、地膜覆盖（PM）和起垄地膜覆盖（RPM）这4种田间管理措施,以常规无覆盖（NM）为对照,利用单因素方差分析、土壤胞外酶化学计量学模型和冗余分析（RDA）等方法研究不同覆盖措施下土壤养分和胞外酶活性及其生态化学计量的变化规律及影响因子. 结果表明,覆盖处理显著影响土壤基础养分（P<0.05）,其中可溶性有机碳（DOC）、速效氮（AN）和有效磷（AP）随作物生长呈显著动态变化；C、N和P循环胞外酶活性呈现积极响应,分别增加变化21.03%~161.14%、1.11%~60.68%和17.55%~37.66%,以SM和RPM效果更为显著；长期耕作措施下土壤微生物整体面临C、N养分限制,覆盖处理下矢量角度在作物生长前期显著增大11.52%~23.17%,表明缓解了微生物氮限制,而矢量长度整体呈增加趋势,变化10.38%~84.38%,覆盖处理加剧了微生物碳限制,且随时间发展碳限制程度愈发强烈；RDA分析显示,土壤含水量（SWC）、AN和AP含量为黄土高原区驱动酶活性及其计量比变化的关键因子. 综上所述,黄土高原区实施SM和RPM耕作处理对土壤养分特征及酶活性影响更强,可相结合推行以达到更佳效果,同时,应考虑适量施用氮肥以缓解当地农田养分限制,研究结果可有助于深入了解覆盖措施对农田土壤微生物养分利用策略的影响及其调控机制,为黄土高原丘陵区长期可持续发展提供理论依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To study the response characteristics of long-term mulching measures on soil enzyme activity and the limitation of microbial nutrients in the Loess Plateau Region, the study adopted a random block design and setup based on the long-term field positioning experiment conducted in 2008. Four types of inter-field management measures were established, including conventional no-mulch （NM）, straw mulch （SM）, mulch mulch （PM）, and ridge mulch （RPM）. The changes in soil nutrients and extracellular enzyme activities, their ecological stoichiometry and influencing factors under different cover measures, were investigated using a one-way analysis of variance, a stoichiometric model of soil extracellular enzymes, and redundancy analysis （RDA）. The results showed that mulching significantly affected soil basal nutrients （P <0.05） and that the dissolubility of organic carbon, available nitrogen （AN）, and available phosphorus （AP） showed significant dynamic changes with plant growth. The extracellular enzyme activity of C, N, and P cycles showed a positive response and increased or changed by 21.03%-161.14%, 1.11%-60.68%, and 17.55%-37.66%, respectively, with the effect of SM and RPM being more significant. During long-term tillage, soil microorganisms as a whole faced C and N nutrient limitations. Under the mulching treatment, the vector angle increased significantly by 11.52%-23.17% in the early growth stage of crops, indicating that the microbial nitrogen limitation was alleviated, while the overall vector length showed an increasing trend and increased by 10.38%-84.38%. Additionally, the level of C restriction became stronger over time. The RDA analysis showed that soil water content, AN, and AP content were the key factors affecting the enzyme activity and their measurement relationship in the Loess Plateau. In summary, the implementation of SM and RPM tillage practices in the Loess Plateau Region had a stronger impact on soil nutrient properties and enzyme activities and could be combined to achieve better results. In the meantime, the appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer should be considered to mitigate nutrient limitations. The research results can help better understand the influence of mulch on soil microbial nutrient utilization strategies in agricultural land and its regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, it provides theoretical foundations for the long-term sustainable development of the Loess Plateau hilly area. |
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