| 我国城市污水处理工艺中活性污泥的功能群落结构解析 |
| 摘要点击 1339 全文点击 159 投稿时间：2024-02-06 修订日期：2024-04-12 |
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| 中文关键词 活性污泥 微生物群落 核心功能种群 污水生物处理 种群结构 |
| 英文关键词 activated sludge microbial community core community biological wastewater treatment community structure |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 郭宇新 | 天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院, 天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室, 天津 300384
中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 | 602429618@qq.com | | 齐嵘 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 | qirong@rcees.ac.cn | | 肖淑敏 | 天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院, 天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室, 天津 300384 | xiaoshumin79@126.com | | 窦殿程 | 天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院, 天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室, 天津 300384
中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 | | | 苏高新 | 天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院, 天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室, 天津 300384
中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 | | | 高嘉 | 天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院, 天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室, 天津 300384
中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 作为在城市污水处理领域里广泛使用的生物处理工艺,对碳、氮和磷等目标污染物进行高效稳定地去除是工艺运行控制与优化的终极目标. 功能种群通过合理的组成和分布,并且动态响应关键工艺调控参数的变化则是处理工艺能否达到目标的关键. 对我国6个大型城市19个典型城市污水生物处理工艺进行夏季和冬季系统采样后,通过MiSeq高通量测序并与全球污水处理厂16S rRNA全长基因序列数据库（MiDAS）对比分类. 结果表明,我国城市污水处理工艺中显著存在着基本相同的核心种群：有29个属在全部38个样品中均能观测到,而1 901个属仅在1个或少数（样品数n<10）样品中出现；高频率出现属的丰度较高,而低出现频率属的丰度相对较低,数量仅占全部种属10%的286个属,其累计丰度可占总丰度的80%. 核心种群的优势属中主要以厌氧发酵和好氧/厌氧异养菌为主的碳去除种群,如在各种环境下均具有较强生存能力的芽孢杆菌（Bacillus和Lysinbacillus）,具有底物发酵功能的厌氧发酵菌（Intestinibacter和Thermomonas）和兼性厌氧发酵菌（Entercoccus）,好氧/厌氧的异养菌（Ferruginibacter、IMCC26207和Hyphomicrobium）；具有反硝化功能的Rhodoplanes、Ottowia和Iamia,疑似具有反硝化功能的Paracoccus等功能种属,而工艺形式、进水水质变化、季节性温度变化可以在一定程度上改变以上最优势属的丰度. 硝化种属主要由Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira构成,Rhodobacter和Paracoccus是污水处理工艺中的主要优势反硝化功能种属,Tetrasphaera作为优势聚磷种属广泛地分布在我国各个类型污水处理工艺的活性污泥中,聚糖原种属则以Candidatus_Competibacter和Defluviicoccus为主,丝状菌的优势种属是Candidatus_Microthrix、Candidatus_Promineofilum和Trichococcus. 尽管此次我国采样污水处理工艺之间的地理距离大于1 000 km,工艺间各运行参数不尽相同,特别是与丹麦地处不同大洲,但再次验证了城市污水生物处理工艺的活性污泥中广泛存在核心种群,并且具有相似的组成与生态功能. |
| 英文摘要 |
| As a widely investigated issue in sewage treatment, the efficient and stable removal of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other pollutants is the ultimate goal of biological wastewater treatment process control and optimization. A microbial community with reasonable composition and distribution and a dynamic response to changes in important control parameters is the key to achieving this goal. After sampling 19 typical sewage treatment processes in six large cities in China during summer and winter, the results of MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and the Microbial Database for Activated Sludge（MiDAS）comparison and classification showed that the core communities in Chinese sewage treatment processes were significantly similar： 29 genera could be observed in all 38 samples, while 1 901 genera were found in 1 or a few （n<10） processes； the abundance of high-frequency genera was high, whereas the abundance of low-frequency genera was relatively low, with 286 genera, numbering only 10% of all species, accounting for up to 80% of the total cumulative abundance. Among the dominant genera in the core community, the carbon removal populations were mainly dominated by anaerobic fermentation and aerobic/anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria, such as Bacillus and Lysinbacillus, which have strong survivability in various environments； the anaerobic fermenters Intestinibacter and Thermomonas, which are characterized by the function of substrate fermentation and parthenogenetic anaerobic fermenters Entercoccus； aerobic/anaerobic heterotrophic Ferruginibacter, IMCC26207, and Hyphomicrobium； Rhodoplanes, Ottowia, and Iamia with a denitrification function； Paracoccus with suspected denitrification function； and other functional genera. The abundance of these most dominant genera could be altered to a certain extent by process form, changes in influent quality, and seasonal temperature variations. The nitrifying genera were mainly composed of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira； Rhodobacter and Paracoccus were the main dominant denitrifying functional genera in the processes； Tetrasphaera was widely distributed in the processes as a dominant polyphosphate-accumulating genus； the polyglucogenic-accumulating genera were dominated by Candidatus_Competibacter and Defluviicoccus； and the dominant genera of filamentous bacteria were Candidatus_Microthrix, Candidatus_Promineofilum, and Trichococcus. Although the geographic distance between the sampled processes in China was more than 1 000 km and the operational parameters were not the same, especially with Denmark being located on a different continent, it was again verified that the core community was widely present in the activated sludge of the sewage treatment process and had similar composition and ecological functions. |
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