| 基于农药剂型分析的农药使用源VOCs排放特征：以北京市为例 |
| 摘要点击 1072 全文点击 162 投稿时间：2023-12-04 修订日期：2024-04-03 |
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| 中文关键词 农药使用源 挥发性有机物（VOCs） 本地化排放因子 排放清单 时空分布 |
| 英文关键词 pesticide use sources volatile organic compounds （VOCs） localized emission factors emission inventories temporal and spatial distribution |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张春杰 | 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | zhangchunjie@cee.cn | | 陈速敏 | 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | | | 王敏燕 | 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | | | 姚震 | 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | | | 聂磊 | 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | nielei@cee.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为分析北京市农药使用源VOCs排放特征, 通过现场调研获取了北京市常用农药使用种类及剂型分布,采用实验室检测的方法对不同剂型农药VOCs含量进行了检测,建立北京市本地化分剂型的农药VOCs排放因子,编制了农药使用源VOCs排放清单,分析了农药使用源VOCs的时空分布特征.结果表明：①农药剂型是影响农药VOCs排放的主要因素,核算农药使用源VOCs排放量时,不仅要了解目标区域农药种类和有效成分,也要同步获取农药剂型信息.②北京市不同剂型农药本地化排放因子由高到低依次为乳油剂（839 g·kg-1）、可溶液剂（715 g·kg-1）、水乳剂（659 g·kg-1）、微乳剂（371 g·kg-1）、悬浮剂（121 g·kg-1）、可湿性粉剂（34 g·kg-1）、水分散粒剂（30 g·kg-1）和水剂（17 g·kg-1）. ③2020年北京市农药使用量及农药使用源VOCs排放量分别为2 990 t和757 t.其中,杀菌剂的农药使用量最大,占总量的54.3%,但其VOCs排放量仅占6.5%；杀虫剂农药使用量占比34.8%,其VOCs排放量为84.1%.不同作物类型中,果树类VOCs排放量较高,其中杂果最高,占比为48.1%.④在空间分布上, VOCs排放较高的区域为生态涵养发展区（70.5%）和城市发展新区（24.4%）,平谷区VOCs排放量最大,密云区和房山区次之,分别占总量的30.7%、11.8%和8.9%.生态涵养发展区贡献较高的作物为果树类、玉米、薯类和豆类等； 城市发展新区贡献较高的作物为蔬菜、小麦和瓜类等作物.在时间分布上,夏季和春季是农药使用源VOCs排放的高峰期,分别占总量的45.2%和33.8%. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To analyze the emission characteristics of VOCs from pesticide use sources in Beijing, the distribution of commonly used pesticides and dosage forms in Beijing was obtained through on-site research, and the VOC content of pesticides in different dosage forms was examined using laboratory testing methods. The emission factors of pesticide VOCs for localized dosage forms in Beijing were established, an inventory of pesticide use source VOCs was compiled, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of pesticide use source VOCs were analyzed. The results indicated that ① Pesticide dosage forms were the main factors affecting the emission of VOCs from pesticides, and when accounting for VOC emissions from pesticide sources, it is necessary to know the types of pesticides and active ingredients in the target area and obtain information on pesticide dosage forms simultaneously. ② The localized emission factors for different dosage forms of pesticides were, in descending order, emulsifiable concentrate （839 g·kg-1）, soluble concentrate （715 g·kg-1）, emulsion in water （659 g·kg-1）, micro-emulsion （371 g·kg-1）, suspension concentrate （121 g·kg-1）, wettable powder （34 g·kg-1）, water dispersible granule （30 g·kg-1）, and aqueous solution （17 g·kg-1）. ③ In 2020, pesticide use and VOC emissions from pesticide use sources in Beijing were 2 990 t and 757 t. Among them, pesticide use of fungicides was the largest, accounting for 54.3% of the total, but its VOC emissions only accounted for 6.5%. Insecticides accounted for 34.8% of the pesticide use, and their VOC emissions were 84.1%. Among the different crop types, fruit trees had higher emissions of VOCs, with mixed fruits being the highest, accounting for 48.1%. ④ In terms of spatial distribution, the areas with higher emissions of VOCs were the ecological conservation development area （70.5%） and the new urban development area （24.4%）, with the Pinggu district having the highest emissions of VOCs, followed by the Miyun district and the Fangshan district, which accounted for 30.7%, 11.8%, and 8.9% of the total, respectively. Crops that contributed more to the ecological conservation development area were fruit trees, maize, potatoes, beans, etc.； crops that contributed more to the new urban development area were vegetables, wheat, and melons. In terms of time distribution, summer and spring were the peak periods for VOC emissions from pesticide use sources, accounting for 45.2% and 33.8% of the total, respectively. |
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