| 系统观下的矿山生态修复关键技术体系构建 |
| 摘要点击 1762 全文点击 154 投稿时间：2024-02-13 修订日期：2024-03-18 |
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| 中文关键词 矿山生态修复 技术体系 土壤修复 水体修复 地质灾害防治 植被复绿 3S技术 |
| 英文关键词 mine ecological restoration technical system soil remediation water restoration geological disaster prevention vegetation re-greening 3S technologies |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 在国内矿山生态修复工作的长期发展过程中,各类技术不断更新迭代和交叉融合. 结合研究和实践,基于系统观构建了矿山生态修复关键技术体系,把握了具体技术进展与趋势. 矿山生态修复以矿山环境为核心,围绕自然要素和空间环境两大主体,实行全过程的调查和监测,技术体系的构建至少包括自然要素修复、空间环境修复和环境调查与修复监测三大类关键技术. 结果表明：①矿山自然要素修复关键技术以土壤修复和水体修复为核心,在土壤修复方面,传统覆土技术和物理、化学、生物修复技术在优化改良的同时,人工土壤重构技术和联合修复技术逐渐成为业界的主攻方向；水体修复则兼顾水系统修复和水污染治理,不仅发挥含水层再造和污染原位/异位修复等技术优势,而且探索人工湿地技术的新发展. ②矿山空间环境修复关键技术以地质灾害防治和植被生态复绿为核心. 前者的热点和难点集中在露天矿边坡治理和井工矿塌陷区治理,后者则划分为植被选配、营造和养护三大技术环节,二者涉及诸多技术种类且前沿技术有待进一步突破. ③矿山环境调查与修复监测关键技术体系以3S技术为核心,目前发展迅速且仍有较大集成创新空间. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Mine ecological restoration has experienced a long-term development process in China, in which various technologies have been constantly developing and integrating. Based on the related theoretical research and field program, the technical system of mine ecological restoration was constructed, and the characteristics of key technologies were specifically grasped. In this research, the environment, including natural elements and the spatial environment, is the object of mine ecological restoration, which requires further long-term investigation and monitoring. Therefore, natural element restoration technology, space environment restoration technology, and environmental survey and restoration monitoring technology should be considered when establishing technical systems. The research showed that： ① In mine natural element restoration, where soil and water are important, traditional technologies like pollution abatement with physical, chemical, and biological methods have been extensively used. Meanwhile, artificial soil reconstruction and multi-technology joint remediation became the main study focus in soil restoration and artificial wetlands have been gradually constructed as a new method in water restoration, covering water system restoration and pollution control. ② The two tasks of space environment restoration were geological disaster prevention and vegetation re-greening. Major technologies of the former were applied to surface mine slope treatment and mining subsidence area control, the latter of which could be divided into three technical links： vegetation selection, construction, and maintenance. Although many technologies are valid, a few frontiers need to be further pursued. ③ The mine environmental investigation and restoration monitoring were based on 3S technologies, containing GIS, GPS, and RS, all of which are developing rapidly but still have a large space for integration and innovation. |
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