| 湘南地区土壤重金属污染分布特征及特定源-生态风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 1577 全文点击 218 投稿时间：2024-01-23 修订日期：2024-04-08 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤 重金属 空间分布 源解析 生态风险 |
| 英文关键词 soil heavy metals spatial distribution source apportionment ecological risk |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究湘南地区土壤重金属污染分布规律与生态风险综合情况,于湘南地区采集了362个表层土壤样品,通过多元统计分析、地理信息系统（GIS）和正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型耦合综合生态风险指数法研究了土壤重金属Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Zn、Ni、Mn、Tl和Sb含量的空间分布规律、污染来源及各污染源对生态风险的贡献率. 结果表明,研究区土壤重金属污染较为突出,其含量平均值均超过湖南省土壤元素背景值；尤其是Cd、Hg、Pb和Sb污染严重,且呈高度变异,其含量分别达湖南省土壤元素背景值的8.31、9.12、5.09和2.79倍. 土壤中重金属含量区域分布特征明显,主要聚集在郴州西部,且呈现从聚集区向周边区域扩散的趋势；重金属含量高值聚类区也主要分布在该区域,即黑色金属冶炼和延展加工类企业和有色金属采选业企业周边. 主成分分析（PCA）结合PMF模型结果显示,研究区土壤重金属污染源贡献率依次为黑色金属矿冶活动工业源（29.06%）、大气沉降源（22.05%）、有色金属采选源（20.65%）、其他工业和交通混合源（14.73%）和自然来源（13.50%）. 特定源-生态风险评价模型分析结果表明,黑色金属冶炼与延展加工等工业活动和大气迁移源为研究区土壤生态风险优先控制污染源,Cd和Hg为优先控制元素. 上述研究结果为湘南地区土壤重金属环境污染风险防控提供了重要的理论依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To identify the spatial distribution patterns and assess the ecological risks associated with soil heavy metal pollution in the southern region of Hunan Province, a total of 362 surface soil samples were collected from the studied area. This study employed multivariate statistics and geographic information systems （GIS） to investigate the spatial distribution pattern of soil metals （Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Tl, and Sb）. Furthermore, the pollution sources and source-specific ecological risk of heavy metals were quantified by combining the positive matrix factorization （PMF） model and the comprehensive ecological risk index model. The results suggested that the mean concentration of soil metals in the study area exceeded the mean background values. Specifically, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Sb showed significant pollution levels and substantial spatial variability, with their concentrations reaching the background values by factors of 8.31, 9.12, 5.09, and 2.79, respectively. The spatial distribution of these heavy metals exhibited discernible patterns, with a higher concentration observed in western Chenzhou and a noticeable trend of increasing concentrations from the central region towards the periphery. The clusters with high concentrations of heavy metals were predominantly situated near industrial zones engaged in black metal smelting and processing and nonferrous metal mining and processing enterprises. Source apportionment indicated that the primary sources of soil heavy metals in the area were industrial activities associated with black metal mining and metallurgy （29.06%）, atmospheric deposition （22.05%）, nonferrous metal mining and processing （20.65%）, a combination of industrial and transportation sources （14.73%）, and natural sources （13.50%）. Moreover, the source-ecological risk assessment model specifically identified Cd and Hg as crucial elements requiring prioritized control measures to mitigate soil ecological risks. Industrial activities, including black metal smelting and processing and atmospheric deposition sources, were identified as the priority sources for health risks in the study region. These results provide an important theoretical basis for the development of effective strategies aimed at managing and diminishing the risks associated with heavy metal contamination in the southern region of Hunan Province. |
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