| 微塑料对土壤动植物的毒性效应研究进展 |
| 摘要点击 2345 全文点击 242 投稿时间：2023-11-29 修订日期：2024-03-12 |
| 查看HTML全文
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 中文关键词 微塑料（MPs） 陆生植物 土壤动物 影响因素 毒性效应 作用机制 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics（MPs） terrestrial plants soil animals influencing factors toxic effects action mechanism |
|
| 中文摘要 |
| 陆地生态系统是地球上最直接和主要的塑料汇. 从微塑料暴露对陆生植物的直接毒性、间接毒性以及与其他污染物的联合毒性角度分析了其对植物的毒性效应；通过对土壤动物的生长、行为和氧化应激等方面的效应研究,阐述了微塑料对动物的毒性作用规律. 基于当前研究讨论了微塑料对动植物毒性的主要影响因素. 结果表明,对于大部分陆生植物来说,微塑料能影响种子萌发,吸附在根系表面进入植物体引发氧化胁迫和抑制光合作用,造成细胞和遗传毒性等；土壤动物能不同程度地摄食和积累微塑料,并分别在基因、细胞、组织和个体水平上造成基因表达异常、氧化应激、肠道毒性及改变生长与行为等毒性效应,该效应还与微塑料添加剂和吸附的其他污染物相关；环境相关含量下的微塑料对土壤动植物的影响不容忽视,其粒径是影响毒性效应的关键因素之一. 研究结果可为评估土壤环境中微塑料的生态风险提供依据,并对未来的重点研究方向进行了展望. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Terrestrial ecosystems represent the most direct and principal reservoirs of plastic contamination on Earth. The toxic effects of microplastic exposure on terrestrial plants have been analyzed from the perspectives of direct toxicity, indirect toxicity, and combined toxicity with other pollutants. By investigating the impacts on the growth, behavior, and oxidative stress responses of soil animals, the toxicological patterns of microplastics have been elucidated. Moreover, the primary factors influencing the toxicity of microplastics on both fauna and flora have been discussed based on current research. The results indicated that for the majority of terrestrial plants, microplastics could inhibit seed germination, adhere to root surfaces, enter the plant body and induce oxidative stress, inhibit photosynthesis, and cause cellular and genetic toxicity. Soil animals could ingest and accumulate microplastics to varying extents, resulting in toxic effects such as aberrant gene expression, oxidative stress, intestinal toxicity, and alterations of growth and behavior on the genetic, cellular, tissue, and individual levels. Furthermore, these effects were also linked to microplastic additives and the adsorbed pollutants. The impact of microplastics on terrestrial plants and animals at environmentally relevant concentrations cannot be overlooked, with particle size emerging as a critical factor influencing toxic effects. The findings provide a basis for assessing the ecological risks of microplastics in soil environments and offer insights into future research directions. |
|
|
|
