| 洱海上游表流人工湿地对水体微塑料赋存特征的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1653 全文点击 320 投稿时间：2023-12-30 修订日期：2024-02-07 |
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| 中文关键词 水体微塑料（MPs） 表流人工湿地 赋存特征 截留效果 源和汇 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics（MPs） in water bodies free water surface constructed wetland occurrence characteristics retention effect source and sink |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 表流人工湿地改变水体中新污染物微塑料赋存特征的程度尚不明晰,为此,以洱海上游罗时江流域内的5块表流人工湿地为对象,基于湿地进、出口水体微塑料的丰度、形状、粒径和聚合物类型等指标,探讨表流人工湿地对水体微塑料赋存特征的影响.结果表明：①罗时江流域表流人工湿地水体微塑料的数量丰度和质量丰度分布范围分别为10 375~21 000 n·m-3和5.5~9.8 mg·m-3,平均数量和质量丰度分别为（14 115±2 790）n·m-3和（7.6±2.3）mg·m-3,以小粒径（0.2~1 mm,73.8%±7.5%）的透明（64.0%±12.2%）和纤维状（98.9%±1.7%）微塑料为主,主要聚合物类型涉及玻璃纸（CP,58.5%±13.9%）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET,22.1%±11.4%）和聚酯（PES,12.8%±16.8%）；该流域表流人工湿地水体微塑料丰度水平较高,但污染负荷指数及生态风险指数均为较低等级（Ⅰ类）. ②水体流经表流人工湿地后,薄膜和碎片状微塑料消失,主导颜色（透明、黑色和白色）占比降低1.4%,主要聚合物类型PET占比下降3.1%；同时,大粒径占比增加（1~2 mm和2~5 mm分别增加3.0%和2.2%）,极少颜色（红色、黄色、绿色和紫色等）占比增加5.4%,出现进口未检出的聚合物类型人造丝和PES. ③罗时江流域表流人工湿地进、出口水体微塑料的数量丰度和质量丰度无显著差异（P>0.05）,湿地对水体微塑料的截留效果不明显,但减弱了水体微塑料各赋存特征间的相关性.研究表明,表流人工湿地可改变水体微塑料的粒径、形状、颜色和聚合物类型等赋存特征,表现出微塑料源和汇的双重角色. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Microplastics （MPs）, an emerging contaminant, have been widely detected in environmental media including water, sediment, soil, and atmosphere. Exploring the occurrence and transport characteristics of MPs in different environments is essential for accurately evaluating its ecological and environmental effects. However, the extent to which a free water surface （FWS） constructed wetland alters the occurrence characteristics of MPs in water has not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, five FWS constructed wetlands in the Luoshijiang Watershed located in the upper reaches of the Erhai Lake were selected as the research objects. The effects of these FWS constructed wetlands on MPs characteristics in water bodies were explored based on their abundance, shape, particle size, and polymer type in the wetland inlet and outlet. The results showed that： ① The quantity and mass abundance of MPs in the water of the FWS constructed wetland in the Luoshijiang Watershed were in the range of 10 375-21 000 n·m-3 and 5.5-9.8mg·m-3, and the corresponding average abundances were （14 115±2 790） n·m-3 and （7.6±2.3）mg·m-3, respectively. MPs with small particle size （0.2-1 mm, 73.8%±7.5%）, transparent color （64.0%±12.2%）, and fiber shape （98.9%±1.7%） were dominant in water bodies of the FWS constructed wetland, while cellophane （CP, 58.5%±13.9%）, polyethylene terephthalate （PET, 22.1%±11.4%）, and polyester （PES, 12.8%±16.8%） were the main polymer types. The MPs abundance in the water of FWS constructed wetland in this watershed was relatively high, whereas the pollution load index and ecological risk index were both in low levels （Level I）. ② After water flowing through the FWS constructed wetland, the film- and fragment-shaped MPs disappeared, and the proportions of dominant color （transparent, black, and white） and polymer type （PET） decreased by 1.4% and 4.1%, respectively. By contrast, the proportions of large size and minority-color （red, yellow, green, purple, etc.） MPs increased, with 1-2 mm, 2-5 mm, and minority-color increasing by 3.0%, 2.2%, and 5.4%, respectively, and polymer types of rayon and PES, which did not exist in the wetland inlet, were detected. ③ The quantity and mass abundance of MPs differences between the inlet and outlet of the FWS constructed wetland in the Luoshijiang Watershed were both insignificant （P>0.05）, and the retention of MPs in water bodies by the FWS constructed wetland was also insignificant. However, the FWS constructed wetland weakened the correlations among different MPs characteristics in water bodies. The results indicated that the FWS constructed wetland could alter the occurrence characteristics of MPs in water bodies, including particle size, shape, color, and polymer type, and exhibited the dual roles of source and sink of MPs. |
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