| 北京市PM2.5载带重金属污染特征、来源及健康风险变化与政策效果评估 |
| 摘要点击 1945 全文点击 380 投稿时间：2023-12-06 修订日期：2024-02-25 |
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| 中文关键词 PM2.5载带重金属 时间变化 源解析 健康风险 政策评估 |
| 英文关键词 PM2.5 carried heavy metals time variation source analysis health risks policy evaluation |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为评估北京地区大气污染防控相关措施的效果,通过对北京城区4年逐日PM2.5采样（n = 934）,测定了13种金属元素,其中包括7种重金属元素[As、Cd、Co、Cr（Ⅵ）、Ni、Pb和V].分析了各金属浓度水平的年际变化和采暖季与非采暖季的差异,利用正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型进行定量源解析,并采用健康风险评价方法对其中6种金属的健康风险进行评估.结果表明,除Cr（Ⅵ）和Ni等少数金属元素在个别年份存在浓度升高的现象,各元素浓度整体上呈现下降的趋势；V、Co、Pb和Mn等10种金属的采暖季浓度显著高于非采暖季（P<0.05）.北京市的大气重金属污染源主要有5类：扬尘源、交通源、燃煤源、工业源和燃料油燃烧源,其中燃煤源的占比整体上呈现下降的趋势.各金属的HQ值均小于1,不存在非致癌健康风险；Ni和Cd的致癌风险可忽略,而各年份的As、Co和Cr（Ⅵ）的R值均介于10-6和10-4之间,具有一定的致癌风险.大气浓度、源和健康风险的年际变化趋势表明,北京地区大气污染防控的相关措施取得了积极的成效. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution prevention and control measures in Beijing, this study measured the content of 13 metal elements, including seven heavy metal elements [As, Cd, Co, Cr（Ⅵ）, Ni, Pb, and V], through daily PM2.5 sampling （n = 934） in the urban area of Beijing for four years. We analyzed the interannual changes in the concentration levels of various metals and the differences between heating and non-heating seasons, used a positive definite matrix factorization （PMF） model for quantitative source analysis, and used health risk assessment methods to evaluate the health risks of six metals. The results showed that, except for a few metal elements such as Cr（Ⅵ） and Ni, which showed an increase in concentration in individual years, the overall concentration of each element showed a downward trend. The concentrations of ten metals, including V, Co, Pb, and Mn, during the heating season were significantly higher than those during the non-heating season （P<0.05）. There were five main types of atmospheric heavy metal pollution sources in Beijing： dust sources, transportation sources, coal sources, industrial sources, and fuel oil combustion sources. Among them, the proportion of coal sources was generally decreasing. The HQ values of each metal were all less than 1, indicating no non-carcinogenic health risk. The carcinogenic risk of Ni and Cd could be ignored, while the R values of As, Co, and Cr（Ⅵ） in each year were between 10-6 and 10-4, indicating a certain carcinogenic risk. The interannual trends in atmospheric concentration, sources, and health risks indicate that the relevant measures for air pollution prevention and control in Beijing have achieved positive results. |
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