| 土地利用和气候变化对农牧交错带生态系统服务的影响 |
| 摘要点击 3703 全文点击 1035 投稿时间：2022-10-01 修订日期：2022-11-23 |
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| 中文关键词 生态系统服务 土地利用变化 气候变化 农牧交错带 内蒙古奈曼旗 |
| 英文关键词 ecosystem services land use change climate change agro-pastoral ecotone Naiman Banner of Inner Mongolia |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 土地利用和气候变化是驱动生态系统服务变化的重要因素，了解其背后的影响机制对提升生态系统服务至关重要.目前农牧交错带生态系统服务变化和驱动因素的研究较为薄弱.以我国典型农牧交错带内蒙古奈曼旗为研究区，基于InVEST模型、修正风蚀方程（RWEQ）和修正通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）评估该区2005年和2015年的产水服务、防风固沙服务和土壤保持服务，并运用贡献率公式、地理探测器和皮尔逊相关系数等方法分析土地利用和气候变化对这3项生态系统服务的影响.结果表明：①2005~2015年奈曼旗产水服务和土壤保持服务整体呈上升趋势，分别增加22.41%和6.74%，防风固沙服务则下降了66.24%.②产水服务和防风固沙服务变化主要受气候变化的影响，土壤保持服务变化主要受土地利用变化的影响.③实际蒸散变化和土地利用变化是影响产水服务变化空间分异性的主要因子，其解释力分别为94.50%和50.05%；实际蒸散变化和土地沙化程度是影响防风固沙服务变化空间分异性的主要影响因子，其解释力分别为19.84%和16.15%.④奈曼旗各项生态系统服务之间相关性较弱，只有防风固沙-产水服务呈现弱显著的协同关系.根据研究结果，建议在沙区适当提高灌草植被比例；在牧区实行必要的封禁管理；在农田引进滴灌等节水技术；而城镇则应当继续将生态保护和修复摆在优先位置. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Land use and climate change are the most important factors driving the change in ecosystem services (ESs). It is critical to understand the mechanisms behind such changes for improving ESs. However, there is still a lack of accurate understanding of change and dominant influencing factors of ESs in the agro-pastoral ecotone. This study took Naiman Banner, a typical farming pastoral ecotone in China, as the case study area. Based on the InVEST model, the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) and the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) were used to calculate water yield, soil retention, and windbreak and sand-fixing in Naiman Banner in 2005 and 2015. Finally, the impacts of land use and climate change on these three ecosystem services were analyzed by using contribution rate formula, Pearson correlation coefficient, and geodetector methods. The results indicate that:① from 2005 to 2015, water yield and soil retention in Naiman Banner showed an overall upward trend, increasing by 22.41% and 6.74%, respectively, and windbreak and sand-fixing decreased by 66.24%. ② The change in water yield and windbreak and sand-fixing was mainly affected by climate change, and the change in soil retention was mainly affected by land use change. ③ Actual evapotranspiration change and land use change were the main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of water yield, with the explanatory powers of 94.50% and 50.05%, respectively. The main factors influencing the spatial differentiation of windbreak and sand-fixing were actual evapotranspiration change and land desertification degree, with the explanatory power of 19.84% and 16.15%, respectively. ④ The correlation of ESs in Naiman Banner was weak, and only windbreak and sand-fixing and water yield showed a weak significant synergy. Based on the results, we recommend that managers increase the proportion of grassland in sandy areas, implement closed management in pastoral areas, and introduce drip irrigation and other water-saving technologies in farmland, and ecological protection should continue to be given priority in city. |
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