| 基于溶解性有机物分子指纹特征解析城市河道污染来源与机制 |
| 摘要点击 3667 全文点击 821 投稿时间：2022-10-08 修订日期：2022-11-03 |
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| 中文关键词 溶解性有机物(DOM) 傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR-MS) 城市河道 元素组成 群组成分 |
| 英文关键词 dissolved organic matter (DOM) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) urban river elemental composition compound group |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 溶解性有机物(DOM)是河道污染物的重要组成部分,是构成黑臭的主要原因.在我国城市黑臭水体治理攻坚新形势下,针对广泛存在的复合污染源信息不明确的难题,进一步从分子层面解析河道DOM成分是深入探究河道污染来源、成因和形成机制,从而实现高效治理的关键环节.以某大型城市的中心城区河道作为研究对象,分别选取了受4个分流制和合流制排水系统的放江污水严重影响的共5个河道断面,应用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR-MS)分别对各点位旱天和雨天时的表层水和沉积物样品中DOM分子式、元素组成和群组成分进行全谱解析与数据分析.结果表明:①城市河道DOM虽然以CHO和木质素类化合物为主,但人为源有机物(脂肪类和蛋白质类化合物)以及CHOS等杂原子化合物的较高占比揭示了河道受人为污染的现状,同时带来DOC、TN和NH+4-N的升高; ②C17H28 O3 S和C18 H30 O3 S等表面活性剂类化合物普遍存在于所有城市河道中,可以作为生活污水污染的标志物; ③雨天时降雨、地表径流的输入和水力扰动等因素共同导致了河道中CHO和木质素类化合物的占比增加,蛋白质类和脂肪类化合物占比降低,表层水中DOC、TN和NH+4-N浓度升高,沉积物中指标浓度、蛋白质类和脂肪类化合物占比降低.④合流制排水系统的受纳河道中比分流制排水系统中存在更高丰度的多杂原子化合物和稠环芳烃类化合物,可能受到更多的生活污水与径流污染,尤其是餐厨废水.这项研究为新阶段下明晰关键污染成因提供了新思路,为后续进一步实现水体污染精准防治提供了数据基础. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an essential component of river pollutants. Under the new situation of black water treatment in urban areas of China, in view of the widespread problem of unclear sources of multiple pollutants, further analysis of DOM components in urban rivers from the molecular level is a key link to deeply explore the sources, causes, and mechanism of river pollution so as to achieve efficient management. In this study, the urban rivers in the central city were selected as the research object, and a total of five rivers were selected that were seriously affected by the discharge sewage of four combined and separated sewer systems, respectively. Using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), this study identified the molecular formulae and analyzed the elemental composition and compound groups of DOM in water and sediment samples at each site in dry and wet weather. The results showed that:①although CHO molecules and lignins were the main compounds in the urban river DOM, the high proportion of lipids, proteins, and heteroatomic compounds (especially CHOS molecules) revealed the anthropogenic pollution in rivers, which also led to the increase in DOC, TN, and NH+4-N. ②Surfactants such as C17H28O3S and C18H30O3S were ubiquitous in all urban rivers, which could be used as markers of domestic wastewater pollution. ③In wet weather, the rainfall inputs, storm runoffs, and hydraulic disturbance jointly led to the increase in the proportion of CHO molecules and lignin compounds; the decrease in proteins and lipids; the rise of DOC, TN, and NH+4-N concentrations in river water; and the decrease in DOC, TN, and NH+4-N concentrations and proteins and lipids in river sediments. ④The abundance of multi-heteroatomic compounds and condensed aromatics in the combined sewer system was higher than that in the separated sewer system, which may have been more severely polluted by domestic wastewater and storm runoff, especially kitchen wastewater. This study provides new insight for clarifying the critical causes of pollution in the new stage and provides an essential basis for further precision prevention and control of water pollution. |
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