| 黄土高原子午岭植被自然恢复下的固碳特征 |
| 摘要点击 2662 全文点击 929 投稿时间：2022-04-25 修订日期：2022-08-07 |
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| 中文关键词 植被演替 碳密度 生态系统 子午岭 黄土高原 |
| 英文关键词 vegetation succession carbon density ecosystems Ziwuling area Loess Plateau |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 许小明 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨陵 712100 | 1559668557@qq.com | | 张晓萍 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨陵 712100
中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 杨陵 712100 | zhangxp@ms.iswc.ac.cn | | 王浩嘉 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨陵 712100 | | | 贺洁 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨陵 712100 | | | 王妙倩 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨陵 712100 | | | 易海杰 | 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 杨陵 712100 | | | 薛帆 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨陵 712100 | | | 邹亚东 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨陵 712100 | | | 田起隆 | 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 杨陵 712100 | | | 何亮 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨陵 712100 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为分析黄土高原生态脆弱区植被自然恢复的碳汇效应和植被群落特征变化对生态系统碳密度的影响，采用时空互代的方法，研究了子午岭地区150 a恢复年限内8个演替阶段{坡耕地、撂荒10 a草地、20 a草地、白刺花［Sophora davidii（Franch.） Skeels.］、白桦（Betula platyphylla Suk.）、油松（Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.）、辽东栎（Quercus wutaishanic Mary）+油松（Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.）混交林和辽东栎}下植被-土壤系统的固碳特征，探讨了群落特征变化对植被-土壤系统碳密度的影响.结果表明，调查植被群落盖度从坡耕地阶段的85%波动增加到乔木阶段的100%.物种数量、Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数总体呈现出先快速增加后缓慢降低直至趋向稳定的变化特征，演替中期（白桦）达到峰值.植被各组分（地上生物、地下根系、枯落物）的生物量和碳密度在演替过程中呈指数函数关系增加，即白桦以前增加缓慢，白桦和油松阶段显著增加（P<0.05）；植被生物量和碳密度在辽东栎+油松混交林阶段达到最大值，分别为27858.08 g ·m-2和13232.51 g ·m-2.土壤有机碳密度随植被恢复呈幂函数关系，在撂荒10 a草地和白桦阶段增幅最大，白桦以后总体变化不显著（P>0.05）.演替初期农田生态系统的碳密度最小（4395.70 g ·m-2），其他7个阶段较其分别增加了55.54%、40.37%、69.96%、202.48%、326.35%、357.43%和351.07%.群落盖度、Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、地上生物量、根系生物量和枯落物生物量与植被-土壤系统碳密度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）.子午岭地区植被长期自然恢复的碳汇效应显著，种间竞争生长下的植被-土壤系统碳密度在演替后期趋向稳定，演替过程中植被群落结构组成及植物多样性的动态变化提高了植被碳密度和土壤碳密度.研究有助于明确黄土高原生态脆弱区植被自然恢复的碳汇效应，为促进天然林保护和实现碳中和提供理论依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The aim of this study was to analyze the carbon sink effect under natural vegetation restoration and the influence of changes in vegetation community characteristics on ecosystem carbon density in ecologically fragile areas of the Loess Plateau. In this study, the changes in carbon sequestration of a vegetation-soil system under eight successional stages[slope cropland, abandoned cropland for 10 years, abandoned cropland for 20 years, Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels., Betula platyphylla Suk., Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., Quercus wutaishanic Mary+P. tabulaeformis Carr mixed forests, and Q. wutaishanic Mary] in Ziwuling area over 150 restoration periods were investigated using the common method of spatial and temporal substitution. This study also discussed the relationship between changes in vegetation community characteristics and vegetation-soil system carbon density. The results showed that the community coverage of the investigated vegetation fluctuated from 85% in the slope cropland stage to 100% in the arbor stage. The number of species, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, and Simpson index initially increased rapidly, then declined slowly until becoming stable, and reached a peak in the middle of the succession (B. platyphylla Suk.). The biomass and carbon density of vegetation components (above-ground biomass, below-ground roots, and litter) increased exponentially during the succession, i.e., increased slowly before B. platyphylla Suk. but increased significantly in B. platyphylla Suk. and P. tabulaeformis Carr.(P<0.05). The biomass and carbon density reached the maximum values of 27858.08 g·m-2 and 13232.51 g·m-2, respectively, in Q. wutaishanic Mary+P. tabulaeformis Carr mixed forests and tended to be stable in the late succession stage. Soil organic carbon density showed a power function relationship with vegetation restoration, with the greatest increase in the stages of abandoned cropland for 10 years and B. platyphylla, but no significant changes in the subsequent stages (P>0.05). In the early succession stage, the carbon density of the farmland ecosystem was the lowest (4395.70 g·m-2), whereas the other seven stages increased by 55.54%, 40.37%, 69.96%, 202.48%, 326.35%, 357.43%, and 351.07%, respectively, compared with the farmland ecosystem. Community coverage, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, above-ground biomass, root biomass, and litter biomass were significantly positively correlated with vegetation-soil system carbon density (P<0.05). The carbon sink effect of long-term natural restoration in Ziwuling Region was significant, and the carbon density of the vegetation-soil system under interspecific competition tended to be stable in the late succession stage. Dynamic changes in the vegetation community structure and plant diversity during the succession process increased vegetation carbon density and soil carbon density. This study helps to clarify the carbon sink effect of natural vegetation restoration in ecologically fragile areas of the Loess Plateau and provides a theoretical basis for promoting natural forest conservation and achieving carbon neutrality. |
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