| 优化秸秆管理提高麦玉农田碳氮效率与经济效益 |
| 摘要点击 2967 全文点击 905 投稿时间：2022-03-01 修订日期：2022-04-20 |
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| 中文关键词 秸秆管理|碳氮比|碳氮效率|经济效益|籽粒产量 |
| 英文关键词 straw management|carbon and nitrogen ratio|carbon and nitrogen utilization efficiency|economic benefits|grain yield |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 优化周年秸秆管理,可促进小麦-玉米周年集约化种植系统增产增收和碳氮高效.基于2012年开始的大田定位试验,设置5种秸秆管理方式:C100(100%还田)、C75(75%还田+25%收获)、C50(50%还田+50%收获)、C25(25%还田+75%收获)和C0(100%收获),分析不同秸秆管理下小麦-玉米周年农田碳氮投入量的差异,以及碳氮投入比对作物籽粒产量、碳氮效率和经济效益的影响.结果表明:①小麦-玉米周年秸秆还田量不同导致碳氮投入量差异显著,每减少25%的秸秆还田量,来自作物的碳和氮的年均投入分别减少1.76 t·hm-2和34.28 kg·hm-2;碳氮投入比随小麦-玉米周年秸秆还田量减少而降低,C100处理到C0处理的周年碳氮投入比分别为18.62、17.03、15.64、12.54和9.61.②小麦、玉米及周年籽粒产量均随着碳氮投入比的降低先增加后降低,且秸秆管理对小麦籽粒产量的影响大于玉米;与C100和C0相比,C50的小麦和玉米籽粒平均产量分别高13.34%~13.67%和16.10%~17.71%,周年籽粒产量分别显著高14.98%和15.68%.③碳氮投入比为15.64(C50处理)的条件下周年籽粒增产率和碳农学利用率最高,分别为15.71%和0.29 kg·kg-1;随着碳氮投入比降低,农田碳生产效率持续提高,且与碳氮投入比呈极显著负相关关系;农田氮生产效率随着碳氮投入比的降低呈先增后减的趋势,C50处理的氮生产效率最高(0.64 kg·kg-1),较C100显著高32.63%.④ C50处理的单位面积农田经济收益和净收益均最高,分别为4.62万元和3.34万元;其每公顷籽粒和秸秆饲料化获得的经济收益较C100分别高0.56万元和0.32万元.综上,统筹麦玉集约化种植系统的秸秆利用方式,周年秸秆50%还田+50%收获饲用,能够实现最佳碳氮投入比,促进碳农学利用率和氮生产效率的提升,获得最大籽粒产量和经济效益. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The optimization of annual straw management can improve the yield, income, and carbon and nitrogen efficiency of wheat-maize double cropping systems. Based on a long-term positioning trial started in 2012, five straw management methods were considered, C100 (100% return), C75 (75% return+25% harvest), C50 (50% return+50% harvest), C25 (25% return+75% harvest), and C0 (100% harvest). We analyzed the effects of farmland carbon and nitrogen inputs and their ratios on crop yield, carbon and nitrogen use efficiency, and economic benefits in wheat and maize anniversaries with different straw managements. The results showed that: ① the amount of straw returning to the field resulted in a significant difference in carbon and nitrogen input. The annual carbon and nitrogen inputs from crop residues decreased by 1.76 t·hm-2 and 34.28 kg·hm-2, respectively, with a 25% reduction in straw returning. The C/N ratios under the C100-C0 treatment were 18.62, 17.03, 15.64, 12.54, and 9.61, respectively. ② Grain yield first increased and then decreased with the decrease in the C/N input ratio, and the effect of straw management on wheat yield was greater than that on maize. Compared with that under C100 and C0, the average grain yield of wheat and maize under the C50 treatment increased by 13.34%-13.67% and 16.10%-17.71%, respectively, and the total grain yield of wheat and maize increased by 14.98% and 15.68%. ③ The annual grain yield and carbon agronomy efficiency were the best with the C/N input ratio of 15.64 (in the C50 treatment), which were 15.71% and 0.29 kg·kg-1, respectively. The carbon production efficiency continued to increase with the decrease in the C/N input ratio, and there was a significant negative correlation between them. The nitrogen production efficiency increased first and then decreased with the decrease in the C/N input ratio. The nitrogen production efficiency of the C50 treatment was the highest (0.64 kg·kg-1), which was significantly higher than that of C100 by 32.63%. ④ The C50 treatment had the highest economic income and net income, which were 46200 yuan·hm-2 and 33400 yuan·hm-2, respectively. Compared with that of C100, the economic income of grain and straw feed increased by 5600 yuan·hm-2 and 3200 yuan·hm-2, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal C/N input ratio can be achieved by optimized straw management; 50% straw returning and 50% harvest in a wheat-maize double-cropping intensive production system can promote carbon agricultural efficiency and nitrogen production efficiency and obtain the maximum grain yield and economic benefits. |
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