| 设施农业土壤磷素累积迁移转化及影响因素 |
| 摘要点击 1411 全文点击 392 投稿时间：2022-01-04 修订日期：2022-04-30 |
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| 中文关键词 设施农业|磷素累积|迁移转化|无机磷形态|种植年限|通径分析 |
| 英文关键词 facility agriculture|P accumulation|migration and transformation|inorganic phosphorus from|planting years|path analysis |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了科学合理施用磷肥,减小对设施农业环境带来的污染风险,以北京市大兴区设施农业集中区为研究对象,通过对不同种植年限设施农业剖面土壤(0~100 cm)磷素含量的测定分析,探究磷素累积与迁移转化特征.结果表明,设施农业表层土壤全磷和有效磷含量变化范围大,显著高于周边粮田土壤,主要跟不同种植年限农户的施磷量相关,随着土层深度的增加,全磷和有效磷含量逐渐减小,呈现表聚特征,其中土壤ω(全磷)范围在0.38~2.58 g·kg-1,ω(有效磷)范围在1.60~256.00 mg·kg-1.随着种植年限的增加,土壤全磷和有效磷含量呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在15 a左右达到峰值,随后逐渐减少,趋于稳定,总体处于较高水平.无机磷主要集中在设施农业表层土壤,其中Ca-P占无机磷的比例最大,达到了98.38%,Ca10-P是最主要的Ca-P形态,含量占Ca-P的78.70%,Ca2-P占比最小,仅占9.50%.不同形态无机磷含量呈现表层土壤富集,向下减少的垂直分布特征;不同土层深度,不同形态无机磷占全磷比例变化存在差异,其中Ca-P变化差异明显,而Fe-P和O-P变化不显著,表明设施农业土壤Fe-P和O-P迁移转化性差,无机磷迁移转化主要以Ca-P为主.由相关性和通径分析可知,Ca2-P对有效磷的直接通径系数最大(0.787),是土壤有效磷的主要来源,也是无机磷迁移转化的主要形态.设施栽培条件下,土壤磷素呈现大量累积的趋势,Ca10-P有效性低且累积量大,如何提高这部分磷源的利用率,是设施土壤磷素管理的关键. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The aim of this study was to apply phosphorus fertilizer scientifically and reasonably and reduce the pollution risk to the facility agricultural environment. Taking the facility agriculture concentration area in Daxing District of Beijing as the research object, the phosphorus content in soil (0-100 cm) of the facility agriculture profile with different planting years was measured and analyzed to explore the characteristics of phosphorus accumulation, migration, and transformation. The results showed that the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the surface soil of facility agriculture varied widely, which was significantly higher than that in the surrounding grain field soil, which was mainly related to the amount of phosphorus applied by farmers in different planting years. With the increase in soil depth, the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus decreased gradually, showing surface aggregation ω (total phosphorus) ranging from 0.38 to 2.58 g·kg-1 and ω (available phosphorus) ranging from 1.60 to 256.00 mg·kg-1. With the increase in planting years, the contents of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus first increased and then decreased, reached a peak in approximately 15 years, then gradually decreased, tended to be stable, and generally remained at a high level. Inorganic phosphorus was mainly concentrated in the surface soil of the facility agriculture, in which Ca-P accounted for the largest proportion of inorganic phosphorus, up to 98.38%; Ca10-P was the main form of Ca-P, up to 78.70% of Ca-P, and Ca2-P accounted for the smallest proportion, only 9.50% of Ca-P. The contents of different forms of inorganic phosphorus showed the vertical distribution characteristics of enrichment in the surface soil and a decrease downward. There were differences in the proportion of different forms of inorganic phosphorus to total phosphorus in different soil depths, in which the change in Ca-P was obvious, whereas the change in Fe-P and 0-P was not significant, indicating that the migration and transformation of Fe-P and O-P in the facility agricultural soil was poor, and the migration and transformation of inorganic phosphorus was mainly Ca-P. According to the correlation and path analysis, the direct path coefficient of Ca2-P to available phosphorus was the largest (0.787), which was not only the main source of soil available phosphorus but also the main form of inorganic phosphorus migration and transformation. Under the condition of protected cultivation, soil phosphorus showed a large accumulation trend, the availability of Ca10-P was low, and the accumulation was large. How to improve this portion of phosphorus sources is the key to the management of protected soil phosphorus. |
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