| 基于16S rRNA测序技术的青藏高原河流细菌群落多样性 |
| 摘要点击 1678 全文点击 1689 投稿时间：2022-02-18 修订日期：2022-05-07 |
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| 中文关键词 16S rRNA|青藏高原(QTP)|河流|微生物多样性|流域 |
| 英文关键词 16S rRNA|Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)|river|microbial diversity|watershed |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 近年来由于气候变化和人类活动等影响,我国青藏高原生态系统面临退化风险.微生物作为河流生态系统的重要组成部分,能够反映流域的总体变化,是生态系统健康程度的指示器.为调查青藏高原河流生态系统的细菌群落多样性和组成特点,于2021年7月在青藏高原地区的黄河、长江、澜沧江、怒江、雅鲁藏布江和柴达木盆地流域进行大范围水样采集,共收集样品65个,并基于16S rRNA技术对样品中细菌进行测序分析.结果表明,共检测出的细菌群落涵盖65门1311属,各流域α多样性指数较高,说明青藏高原河流细菌的丰富度和多样性均处于较高水平.其中,表征物种丰富度的Chao指数和OTU richness指数均与SRP/TP的值有极显著负相关关系.门水平优势类群主要有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria);纲水平优势类群主要有γ-变形菌纲、拟杆菌纲和α-变形菌纲;属水平优势群主要有Flavobacterium和Limnohabitans.通过主坐标分析(PCoA)和置换多因素方差分析(Adonis)表明,细菌群落组成在青藏高原各流域间有极显著差异.典范对应分析(CCA)说明:电导率、pH、流域平均归一化植被指数、溶解性硅、溶解性有机碳、流域平均坡度、河网长度、流域面积、灌木面积占比和流域平均海拔对细菌群落产生显著影响.其中,电导率是青藏高原河流细菌群落分布的最大影响因素.该结果为认识青藏高原流域细菌群落的组成,识别影响细菌群落多样性的环境因子提供了基础资料. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In recent years, the ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) have been facing a high risk of degradation due to the impacts of climate change and human activities. As one of the important components in river ecosystems, microbial communities can reflect the overall changes in the watershed and are regarded as indicators of the health of river ecosystems. In order to investigate the diversity and composition characteristics of bacterial communities in river ecosystems on the QTP, 65 samples were collected from the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Lancang River, Nujiang River, Yarlung Tsangpo River, and Qaidam Basin on the QTP in July 2021 and were analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the detected bacterial communities covered 65 phyla and 1311 genera in total. Bacterial communities had high α-diversity indexes across the rivers, indicating that the bacterial richness and diversity in rivers on the QTP were at a high level. Among them, Chao and observed OTUs had significantly negative relationships with SRP/TP. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Cyanobacteria. The dominant classes were γ-proteobacteria, Bacteroidia, and α-proteobacteria. The dominant genera were Flavobacterium and Limnohabitans. The results of principal coordinate analysis and permutational MANOVA suggested significant differences in bacterial community structure among the rivers on the QTP. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the significant environmental variables associated with the variation in the bacterial communities were physicochemical properties of the river water, including conductivity, pH, dissolved silicon, and dissolved organic carbon, as well as watershed characteristics, including the average normalized differential vegetation index, average slope, cumulative water channel distance, catchment size, proportion of shrub area, and average elevation. Among them, conductivity had the strongest influence on bacteria distribution on the QTP. These results provide a database and information for understanding the composition characteristics of microbial communities on the QTP and identifying environmental factors influencing the diversity of bacteria communities. |
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