| 添加生物炭对琼北地区双季稻田生物固氮的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1192 全文点击 339 投稿时间：2021-12-27 修订日期：2022-04-01 |
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| 中文关键词 双季稻田 生物固氮 生物炭 nifH基因 微生物多样性 微生物群落结构 |
| 英文关键词 double-cropping paddy fields biological nitrogen fixation biochar nifH gene microbial diversity microbial community structure |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 赵炎 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | 2455063819@qq.com | | 袁新生 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 唐瑞杰 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 邵晓辉 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 李凯凯 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 文昌丽 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 陈绮琦 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 伍延正 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | wyz198712@163.com | | 孟磊 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | menglei@hainanu.edu.cn | | 汤水荣 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 生物固氮有助于植物对土壤中有效氮的利用，减少农业生态系统中无机氮肥的使用.生物炭可以通过其特殊物理结构调节土壤理化性质，提高土壤微生物的丰度和活性，然而关于生物炭对水稻土生物固氮方面的研究并未深入了解.试验共设置3个处理：施磷钾肥对照（CK）、当地常规施肥处理（CON）和常规处理配施20 t·hm-2生物炭（B），采用qPCR和高通量测序分析固氮基因（nifH）的丰度和群落结构变化，探讨生物炭添加对琼北地区双季稻田土壤固氮微生物的影响.结果表明，相比CK和CON处理，添加生物炭提高了土壤pH和土壤有机碳（SOC）含量以及作物产量.同时nifH基因丰度与土壤pH和SOC呈显著正相关.与CK处理相比，添加生物炭处理增加了nifH基因丰度以及显著改变了早稻季土壤固氮微生物的群落结构，常规施肥处理减少了nifH基因丰度而对固氮微生物群落影响相对较小.施用生物炭使固氮微生物群落优势属发生了变化，地杆菌属（Geobacter）、嗜糖假单胞菌属（Pelomonas）、固氮螺菌属（Azospirillum）、厌氧粘细菌属（Anaeromyxobacter）和铁氧化细菌属（Sideroxydans）等是所有处理中的优势菌属.相比CK处理，生物炭处理显著增加了嗜糖假单胞菌属的相对丰度，而常规施肥处理增加了地杆菌属的相对丰度.结果表明，生物炭添加具有一定的减肥潜力，为减少琼北地区稻田氮肥施用，提高氮肥利用率提供了理论依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Biological nitrogen fixation contributes to the pool of plant-available N in soil and helps to minimize the use of inorganic N fertilizer in agricultural ecosystems. Biochar can regulate the physical and chemical properties of soil and improve the abundance and activity of soil microorganisms through its special physical structure. However, research on the diazotrophs of paddy soil by biochar is insufficient. This experiment consisted of three treatments:no nitrogen as the control (CK), conventional fertilization (CON), and conventional fertilization combined with 20 t·hm-2 biochar (B). qPCR and high-throughput sequencing were used to analyze the abundance and community structure of nitrogen-fixing genes (nifH) and to investigate the effects of biochar on soil diazotrophs in double-cropping paddy fields in northern Hainan province. The results showed that the addition of biochar increased soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and crop yield compared with that in the CK and CON treatments. Meanwhile, the abundance of the nifH gene was significantly positively correlated with soil pH and SOC. Compared with that in the CK treatment, biochar treatment increased the abundance of the nifH gene and significantly changed the community structure of the soil diazotroph community in the early-rice seasons, whereas the conventional fertilization treatment reduced the abundance of nifH genes and had relatively no significant effect on the diazotroph community. The application of biochar changed the dominant genus of soil diazotrophs. Geobacter, Pelomonas, Azospirillum, Anaeromyxobacter, and Sideroxydans were the dominant bacteria in all the treatments. Compared with that in the CK treatment, biochar significantly increased the relative abundance of Pelomonas, whereas conventional fertilization increased the relative abundance of Geobacter. The results showed that biochar addition had the potential to reduce fertilizer application, which provides a theoretical basis for reducing nitrogen fertilizer application and improving nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields in northern Hainan province. |
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