| 黄土丘陵区不同恢复植被类型的固碳特征 |
| 摘要点击 1562 全文点击 439 投稿时间：2021-12-18 修订日期：2022-03-07 |
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| 中文关键词 植被类型 恢复年限 坡向 碳密度 生态系统 黄土丘陵区 |
| 英文关键词 vegetation types restoration years slope direction carbon density ecosystem Loess Hilly Region |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 许小明 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | 1559668557@qq.com | | 张晓萍 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 杨凌 712100 | zhangxp@ms.iswc.ac.cn | | 何亮 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | | | 郭晋伟 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100 | | | 薛帆 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | | | 邹亚东 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | | | 易海杰 | 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 杨凌 712100 | | | 贺洁 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | | | 王浩嘉 | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为分析黄土高原水土流失严重区不同恢复植被类型的固碳特征，比较恢复年限和坡向因素对植被碳汇效应的影响，在陕北黄土丘陵区选取了6种典型植被类型（农地、草地、沙棘、柠条、刺槐和山杨），研究了不同类型的生态系统碳密度及其构成特征.结果表明：①半干旱黄土区植被恢复具有明显的碳汇功能，不同植被组分（地上生物、地下根系和枯落物）碳密度均表现出乔木>灌丛>草地>农地的变化特征.农地0~40 cm土层土壤有机碳密度最低（1355.5 g ·m-2），草地、沙棘、柠条、刺槐和山杨较农地分别增加了91.4%、125.2%、144.0%、124.5%和232.6%.②草地、沙棘、柠条和山杨的不同植被组分碳密度和不同土层（0~5、5~20和20~40 cm）土壤有机碳密度随恢复时间的推移总体上表现出增加趋势.③坡向对农地和草地植被碳密度无明显影响，沙棘、柠条、刺槐和山杨不同坡向间的植被碳密度差异明显.土壤有机碳密度存在明显的阴阳坡差异，农地、草地、沙棘、柠条、刺槐和山杨阳坡土壤有机碳密度分别比阴坡减少了22.9%、34.3%、75.8%、49.1%、22.4%和69.4%.④不同类型的生态系统碳密度差异明显，其中农地最低（2022.1 g ·m-2），草地、沙棘、柠条、刺槐和山杨较农地分别增加了48.7%、152.8%、125.1%、166.3%和530.7%.生态系统各组分碳密度总体表现为：土壤层>地上生物层>根系层>枯落物层.土壤有机碳构成了农地、草地、沙棘、柠条和刺槐碳密度的主体，分别占生态系统碳密度的67.0%、86.3%、59.7%、72.7%和56.5%.研究结果可为黄土高原地区科学管理生态系统碳库和推进生态环境治理提供重要依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Since 1999, the "Grain for Green" Program has been extensively implemented in the Loess Plateau region. This measure has largely been of concern not only for its contribution to soil erosion reduction but also for its effects on carbon sequestration. The aim of this study was to assess the carbon sequestration characteristics of different restored vegetation types in areas with severe soil erosion on the Loess Plateau and to compare the effects of restoration age and slope direction on the vegetation carbon sequestration. To evaluate the carbon density and composition characteristics of different ecosystem types, six typical vegetation types (including farmland, grassland, Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Caragana korshinskii Kom., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Populus davidiana Dode.) were selected in the Loess Hilly Region, i.e., Wuqi County and Zhidan County in Northern Shaanxi province, which is a typical area for the implementation of artificial vegetation restoration. The results showed that:① vegetation restoration in the semi-arid loess region had a profound impact on carbon sequestration. The carbon density of different vegetations, as well as different vegetation components including above-ground vegetation, below-ground roots, and litter, shared the same pattern as tree>scrub>grassland>farmland. The 0-40 cm soil layer of the farmland showed the lowest soil organic carbon density (1355.5 g·m-2), compared to which those of grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode. were higher by 91.4%, 125.2%, 144.0%, 124.5%, and 232.6%, respectively. ② It was common in grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., and P. davidiana Dode. for the carbon density of different vegetation components as well as soil organic carbon density of different soil layers (0-5, 5-20, and 20-40 cm) to generally show an increasing trend with increased restoration age. ③ Slope direction had a significant impact on the vegetation carbon density only for H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode., while showing the contrary for farmland and grassland. Soil organic carbon densities for sunny slopes were significantly lower than those for shaded slopes by 22.9%, 34.3%, 75.8%, 49.1%, 22.4%, and 69.4%, respectively, for farmland, grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode. ④ Ecosystem carbon density varied significantly for different ecosystem types, among which farmland showed the lowest (2022.1 g·m-2), and grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., R. pseudoacacia L., and P. davidiana Dode. showed values higher by 48.7%, 152.8%, 125.1%, 166.3%, and 530.7%, respectively. The carbon density of each ecosystem component showed a pattern as follows:soil layer>above-ground vegetation layer>root layer>litter layer. Soil organic carbon constituted the main part of the ecosystem carbon density and accounted for 67.0%, 86.3%, 59.7%, 72.7%, and 56.5%, respectively, for farmland, grassland, H. rhamnoides Linn., C. korshinskii Kom., and R. pseudoacacia L. These results can provide an essential basis for scientific management of ecosystem carbon pools and promote ecological environment management on the Loess Plateau. |
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