| 牡蛎壳粉和石灰改良酸性水稻土对磷有效性、形态和酶活性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 3061 全文点击 888 投稿时间：2022-01-18 修订日期：2022-03-10 |
| 查看HTML全文
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 中文关键词 石灰 牡蛎壳粉 酸度 磷有效性 酶活性 作物产量 |
| 英文关键词 lime oyster shell powder acidity phosphorus availability enzyme activity crop yield |
|
| 中文摘要 |
| 我国南方粮食主产区土壤酸化治理是提升耕地地力促进粮食增产的重要内容，目的是探究酸化土壤改良剂牡蛎壳粉和石灰对水稻土酸度、磷有效性和形态以及酶活性和相关功能基因的影响.盆栽试验设计2种改良剂的3个施用量（0.05%、0.10%和0.15%），以水稻为试验作物.结果表明：①牡蛎壳粉和石灰均显著提高土壤pH，降低土壤交换性酸，且改良效果随着改良剂用量增加而提高，相同用量下石灰对土壤酸性的改良效果高于牡蛎壳粉；② 4种有效磷提取剂提取的土壤有效磷测定结果表明，牡蛎壳粉和石灰显著提高H2SO4-P、Bray-1 P和Olsen-P含量，其中Olsen-P含量随改良剂用量的增加而提高.③土壤中不同形态无机磷含量表现为：Fe-P>Al-P>Ca-P，石灰和牡蛎壳粉显著提高Al-P和Fe-P含量，分别提高26.3%~37.4%和7.9%~23.7%；0.15%改良剂显著增加Ca-P含量；④石灰和牡蛎壳粉对土壤DHA、ALP、IPP活性和phoD基因拷贝数具有提高作用，而对土壤ACP活性、phoC和pqqC拷贝数表现为降低；⑤改良剂（0.10%和0.15%）显著提高水稻产量，0.15%用量的石灰和牡蛎壳粉分别提高水稻产量34.2%和46.8%，但对秸秆生物量无显著影响.相关分析表明，土壤无机磷和有效磷含量与pH和ALP活性呈显著正相关，改良剂通过消除土壤酸化和提高土壤磷酸酶活性来改善土壤磷营养状况，这对促进作物产量具有积极作用. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soil acidification improvement in the main grain production regions of southern China is an important issue to enhance the quality of cultivated land and promote grain yield. In order to explore the effects of oyster shell powder and lime on acidity and availability and inorganic forms of phosphorus in acidic paddy soil, a pot experiment was performed using oyster shell powder and lime amendments with dosages of 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15%. The results showed that both oyster shell powder and lime significantly (P<0.05) increased the pH and decreased exchangeable acid content of paddy soil. The improvement effects increased with the dosage of soil amendments. Under the same amendment dosage, the effects of lime on soil pH and acidity were higher than those of oyster shell powder. Both lime and oyster shell powder significantly increased the content of available P extracted using H2SO4-P, Bray-1 P, and Olsen-P techniques. The contents of inorganic P in soils decreased in the order of Fe-P>Al-P>Ca-P. The application of lime and oyster shell powder significantly increased the contents of Al-P and Fe-P in soil. Compared with the control treatment, lime and oyster shell power increased Al-P and Fe-P by 26.3%-37.4% and 7.9%-23.7%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in Al-P content among treatments of the three amendment dosages. The contents of Fe-P and Ca-P in soils increased with an increased dosage of amendments. The activities of DHA, ALP, and IPP and the copy number of the phoD gene in soil increased with the application of lime and oyster shell powder, whereas the activities of ACP and the copy numbers of phoC and pqqC decreased. The application of lime and oyster shell powder at a rate of 0.10% and 0.15% significantly (P<0.05) increased the yield of rice. The lime and oyster shell powder treatments at the dosage of 0.15% increased rice yield by 34.2% and 46.8%, respectively, whereas the amendment had no significant effect on straw biomass of the rice crop. Correlation analysis showed that soil pH and the ALP activity were significantly positively correlated with inorganic P and available P contents, respectively. These results suggested that lime and oyster shell power could effectively increase the content of available phosphorus by eliminating soil acidity and improving the phosphatase activity, which played a positive role in increasing crop yield. |
|
|
|
