| 青藏高原湖泊水环境特征及水质评价 |
| 摘要点击 3339 全文点击 1935 投稿时间：2021-11-08 修订日期：2022-03-08 |
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| 中文关键词 青藏高原 水质综合评价 时空分布 特征因子 影响因素 |
| 英文关键词 Tibetan Plateau water quality assessment spatiotemporal distribution characteristic impact factors |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 湖泊是青藏高原地区重要的水资源和生物栖息地，由于气候和地形等自然因素及人为因素的双重影响，湖泊水环境面临着愈加严峻的问题与挑战.为明确青藏高原湖泊水质现状、分布规律、水质主要特征因子和影响水质的重要因素，于2020年夏季（7~8月）和秋季（10~11月）对青藏高原12个典型湖泊水环境进行调查研究，根据野外采样实测和室内实验检测数据综合分析显示：①青藏高原典型湖泊两个季节的多项理化参数在时空分布上均有差异，基本呈现出夏季高于秋季，西藏地区湖泊高于青海地区湖泊的规律；②盐度（salinity）为青藏高原典型湖泊水质的主要特征因子；③湖泊富营养化指数时空分布差异较小，基本分布在贫营养到中营养等级之间.湖泊水质综合指数时空分布差异较大，湖泊水质等级随盐度分区的升高由"中等"下降至"极差"，秋季湖泊水质优于夏季；④青藏高原湖泊水质的时空差异主要受控于降雨、蒸发浓缩和人类活动等因素影响.本研究可为青藏高原水环境保护和改善高原水生态系统的相关研究提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Lakes are an important water resource and biological habitat in the Tibetan Plateau. Owing to the combined influence of climate, topography, and other natural factors as well as human factors, the water environment of the lakes on the Tibetan Plateau is facing more and more severe problems and challenges. To clarify the present status, distribution pattern, main characteristic factors of water quality, and important factors affecting the water quality of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, the water environment of 12 typical lakes on the Tibet Plateau was investigated in summer (July-August) and autumn (October-November) in 2020. The field sampling and laboratory test data comprehensive analysis showed that:① several physical and chemical parameters of typical lakes on the Tibetan Plateau differed in spatiotemporal distribution. ② Salinity was the main characteristic of water quality in the typical lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. ③ The spatiotemporal distribution of lake eutrophication index showed little diversity and basically ranged from poor nutrition to moderate nutrition. The spatial and temporal distributions in the lake water quality index (WQI) were significantly different. The lake WQI grade decreased from "Moderate" to "Very poor" with the increase in salinity area, and the lake water quality in autumn was better than that in summer. ④ The spatiotemporal differences in lake water quality on the Tibetan Plateau were mainly controlled by precipitation, evapoconcentration, and human activities. This study will provide scientific basis for water environment protection and improvement of water ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau. |
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