| 我国陆域水体系统表层水中微塑料生态风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 3503 全文点击 1889 投稿时间：2022-02-24 修订日期：2022-03-23 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料(MPs) 陆域水体 地表水 风险评估 风险表征比率 社会因素 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics (MPs) terrestrial water system surface water risk assessment risk characterization ratio social factor |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 针对我国陆域水体系统表层水微塑料（MPs）生态风险问题，通过Science Direct和Web of Science等网站查询关键词microplastics、urban和river等获取相关文献及数据，从2017~2021年的研究，覆盖15个省份33个水体，并基于MPs丰度、聚合物占比和化学危害数据构建了生态风险表征比率（RCR）的评价方法.结果表明，我国自然水体的MPs丰度平均值为（3604.2±5926.4） n ·m-3，城市水体中MPs丰度平均值为（7722.6±9505.7） n ·m-3；相应的，自然水体的RCR平均值为22.09±45.2，城市水体RCR平均值为15.67±34.8.因此，根据RCR的值将生态风险程度划分为4个等级.其中，无显著风险（≤1）有17个，占42.5%；低生态风险（1~10）有12个，占30%、中生态风险（10~100）有9个，占22.5%；高生态风险（>100）有2个，占5%.数据分析显示，自然水体的MPs丰度与RCR值（R2=0.875，P<0.01）存在显著的相关性，但在城市水体的MPs丰度与RCR值间不存在显著的相关性.这表明MPs的丰度高并不能说明该地区的生态风险程度高.此外，各地的RCR值与流域面积呈正相关（R2=0.864，P<0.01），同时，MPs丰度与GDP （R2=0.679，P<0.05）、流域常住人口（R2=0.922，P<0.05）呈显著相关性.这项研究为评估MPs的生态风险提供了基线数据，是陆域水体系统表层水MPs生态风险评价的重要方式. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To assess the ecological risk of microplastics (MPs) occurring in the surface water of terrestrial water systems across China, this study obtained relevant literature and data by searching keywords including microplastics, urban, and river on websites such as Science Direct and Web of Science. We constructed an evaluation method of ecological risk characterization ratio (RCR) based on chemical hazard data, as well as data of MPs abundance and polymer proportion originating in studies from 2017 to 2021 that covered 33 water bodies in 15 provinces. The results showed that the average abundance of MPs in natural water bodies in China reached (3604.2±5926.4) n·m-3, and the average abundance of MPs in urban water bodies was (7722.6±9505.7) n·m-3. The corresponding average RCR of natural water bodies was 22.09±45.2, and the average RCR of urban water bodies was 15.67±34.8. Therefore, according to the value of RCR, the ecological risk could be rated as four levels. Of these, no significant risk (RCR ≤ 1) was found in 17 water bodies, accounting for 42.5%; low ecological risks (RCR 1-10) were found in 12 water bodies (30%); medium ecological risks (RCR 10-100) were found in 9 water bodies (22.5%); and high ecological risks (RCR>100) were found in 2 water bodies (5%). Data analysis showed a significant correlation between MPs abundance and RCR values in natural water bodies (R2=0.875, P<0.01), though not in urban water bodies. This suggested that the high abundance of MPs could not precisely indicate a high degree of ecological risk in the area. In addition, RCR values were observed to be positively correlated with the watershed area (R2=0.864, P<0.01), and MPs abundance was correlated with GDP (R2=0.679, P<0.05) and watershed resident population (R2=0.922, P<0.05). This study provides baseline data for evaluating the ecological risk of MPs and a feasible method for evaluating the ecological risk of MPs in surface water of terrestrial water systems. |
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