| 生物炭施用对黄壤土壤养分及酶活性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1790 全文点击 560 投稿时间：2021-12-15 修订日期：2022-01-30 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 黄壤 土壤养分 酶活性 结构方程模型 |
| 英文关键词 biochar yellow soil soil nutrients enzyme activity structural equation model |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 生物炭因其具有特殊的理化性质，作为土壤改良剂或调理剂被广泛应用于改善土壤质量；土壤养分与土壤酶活性是表征土壤质量化学性质和生物学性质的重要指标.采用大田试验，研究生物炭不同施用水平：0（CK）、5（B5）、10（B10）、20（B20）和50（B50） t·hm-2对黄壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响，运用结构方程模型（SEM）定量分析生物炭处理对土壤养分和酶活性的直接或间接影响及其作用大小.结果表明，生物炭显著增加土壤pH值、电导率、有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾（P<0.05）；随生物炭施用量的增加，土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性先增加后降低，磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性增加（P<0.05）；B10处理下，土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性均达到最大值，蔗糖酶活性也相对较高.随生物炭作用时间增加，土壤pH值、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均增加，而电导率和有机碳与之相反；过氧化氢酶活性降低，脲酶和磷酸酶活性升高，蔗糖酶活性无明显变化规律.SEM结果显示，生物炭施用对过氧化氢酶具有直接的负效应；通过提升pH、电导率、有机碳和碱解氮含量间接影响过氧化氢酶活性，通过提升pH和电导率间接促进蔗糖酶活性，通过提高电导率以及碱解氮和有效磷含量间接增加磷酸酶活性.综上，生物炭施用量及作用时间显著影响土壤养分含量，进而间接作用于土壤酶活性；酸性黄壤施用10 t·hm-2的生物炭较为适宜. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Due to its special physical and chemical properties, biochar is widely used as a multi-beneficial amendment to improve soil quality. Soil nutrient content and enzyme activities are important chemical and biological factors indicating soil quality. Despite increased interest and studies, a knowledge gap remains regarding the ability of biochar to assess soil nutrient content and enzyme activities due to differences in biochar application amount and soil texture. In the present study, the effects of different amounts of biochar application (CK:0 t·hm-2, B5:5 t·hm-2, B10:10 t·hm-2, B20:20 t·hm-2, and B50:50 t·hm-2) on soil nutrient content and enzyme activities were studied based on a field experiment on typical yellow soil in Guizhou province, southwest China. Structural equation models (SEM) were used to quantitatively evaluate the direct or indirect effects of biochar application on soil nutrient content and enzyme activities. The results showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (AHN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) increased with the applied amount of biochar. With the increase in biochar application amount, the activities of soil catalase and urease showed first an increasing and then a decreasing trend, and the activities of soil sucrase and phosphatase showed an almost constant increasing trend (P<0.05). The highest activities of soil catalase, urease, and phosphatase were recorded under treatment B10. A relatively high activity of soil sucrose was also observed under treatment B10. With the same amount of biochar application, soil pH and the content of soil AHN, AP, and AK in treatments after four months of biochar application were greater than those after 12 months. After 12 months of biochar application treatment, the contents of SOC and EC were greater than those at four months. Compared to those in treatments after four months of biochar application, activities of soil urease and phosphatase increased, activities of soil catalase decreased, and activities of soil sucrose did not obviously change after 12 months of biochar application. The results of SEM showed that biochar application directly decreased activities of soil catalase and indirectly promoted activities of soil sucrase and phosphatase by increasing soil pH, EC, AHN, AK, and AP. In conclusion, the amount and duration of biochar application significantly increased soil nutrient content, directly and indirectly affecting soil enzyme activities. Based on the results of the presents study, biochar application at 10 t·hm-2 was recommended for acidic yellow soil. |
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