| 氢燃料电池汽车动力系统生命周期评价及关键参数对比 |
| 摘要点击 4693 全文点击 540 投稿时间：2021-10-23 修订日期：2022-02-11 |
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| 中文关键词 氢燃料电池汽车(HFCV) 动力系统 生命周期评价(LCA) 关键参数 化石能源消耗 全球变暖潜值(GWP) |
| 英文关键词 hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) power system life cycle assessment (LCA) key parameter fossil energy consumption global warming potential (GWP) |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 发展氢燃料电池汽车被认为是解决能源安全和环境污染问题的理想解决方案之一，为量化探究氢燃料电池汽车动力系统的化石能源消耗和排放情况，运用GaBi软件建模，以新能源汽车相关技术路线为参考，构建我国氢燃料电池汽车动力系统的数据清单并对其全生命周期化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值情况进行定量评价计算和预测分析，对不同类型的双极板、不同能量控制策略和不同制氢方式对环境的影响分别进行了对比研究，并对关键数据进行了不确定分析.结果表明，预计到2030年我国每台氢燃料电池汽车动力系统生命周期的化石能源消耗量（ADPf）、全球变暖潜值（GWP，以CO2 eq计）和酸化潜值（AP，以SO2 eq计）分别为1.35×105 MJ、9108 kg和15.79 kg.动力系统生产制造阶段的化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值均高于使用阶段，主要原因是燃料电池堆栈和储氢罐的制造过程.金属双极板、石墨复合双极板和石墨双极板的制造工艺中石墨复合双极板的综合环境效益最好.能量控制策略的优化会使得氢能消耗降低，当氢能消耗降低22.8%时，动力系统的生命周期化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值分别降低10.4%和8.3%.相比于甲烷蒸气重整制氢，基于混合电网电解水制氢的动力系统生命周期全球变暖潜值高出53.7%[KG-*6]，而基于水电电解水制氢降低39.6%.降低动力系统生命周期化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值的措施包括优化能量控制策略降低氢能消耗、规模化发展可再生能源发电电解水制氢产业和聚焦突破燃料电池堆栈关键技术实现性能提升. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) are regarded as potential solutions to the problems of energy security and environmental pollution. To explore the energy consumption and pollutant emissions of fuel cell vehicle power systems, data inventories of an HFCV power system were established, and quantitative evaluation calculations and prediction analysis were carried out for fuel life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of Chinese fuel cell vehicles in 2030 based on the technology roadmap for new energy vehicles by modeling with GaBi software. The effects of different types of bipolar plates, different energy control strategies, and different hydrogen production methods on the environment were studied, with uncertainty analysis as the key parameter. The results showed that fossil energy consumption (ADPf), global warming potential (GWP, CO2 equivalent), and acidification potential (AP, SO2 equivalent) for the HFCV power system in the fuel life cycle were 1.35×105 MJ, 9108 kg, and 15.79 kg, respectively. The energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the production of the power system were higher than those in the use stage, mainly because of the fuel cell stack and hydrogen storage tank. In the manufacturing process of metal bipolar plates, graphite composite bipolar plates, and graphite bipolar plates, graphite composite bipolar plates had the most comprehensive environmental benefits. Optimizing the energy control strategy will reduce hydrogen energy consumption. When the hydrogen energy consumption was reduced by 22.8%, the life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the power system were reduced by 10.4% and 8.3%, respectively. For life cycle power systems, the use of hydrogen from electrolysis operated with water power reduced the GWP by approximately 39.6% relative to steam methane reforming. In contrast, the application of hydrogen from electrolysis operated with the Chinese electricity grid mix resulted in an increase in GWP of almost 53.7%. Measures to reduce fossil energy consumption and global warming potential in the life cycle of fuel cell vehicle powertrains include optimizing energy control strategies to reduce hydrogen energy consumption, scaling up the hydrogen production industry using water electrolysis for renewable energy power generation, and focusing on key technologies of fuel cell stacks to improve performance. |
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