| 木醋液酸化生物炭与氮素配施对盐渍土壤活性氮及氨挥发的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1672 全文点击 546 投稿时间：2021-08-11 修订日期：2021-10-12 |
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| 中文关键词 酸化生物炭 盐渍土壤 活性氮 脲酶 氨挥发 |
| 英文关键词 acidified biochar saline soil active nitrogen urease ammonia volatilization |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以盐渍土壤为研究对象，通过吸附试验和室内土壤培养试验，分析生物炭及木醋液酸化生物炭与尿素配施后对盐渍土壤活性氮、脲酶活性和氨挥发的影响，为提高盐渍土壤氮素有效性提供理论和技术支撑.吸附试验表明，木醋液酸化生物炭提高了对铵态氮的吸附量，与生物炭相比，提高了2.28%~18.18%.土壤培养试验表明，与单施尿素处理相比，生物炭和木醋液酸化生物炭与尿素配施处理使土壤硝态氮、铵态氮分别减少了0.72%和25.26%、1.11%和16.93%；提高了土壤可溶性有机氮和可溶性全氮含量.木醋液酸化生物炭与尿素配施提高了脲酶活性，而生物炭与尿素配施处理则降低了土壤脲酶活性.木醋液酸化生物炭与尿素配施处理氨挥发累积量在不同培养时期均低于单施尿素处理及生物炭与尿素配施处理，且能降低土壤的pH，而未改性的生物炭则提高了土壤pH.因此，在盐渍土区，采用木醋液对生物炭进行酸化后再与氮肥配合施用，不仅有效降低了土壤pH，提高土壤脲酶活性以及可溶性有机氮含量，还可以适当降低土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量，减少氨挥发，有利于减少土壤无机氮素的损失和提高盐渍土壤氮素有效性. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Adsorption experiments and indoor soil culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of biochar and wood vinegar-acidified biochar combined with urea on active nitrogen, urease activity, and ammonia volatilization in saline soil. The adsorption experiments showed that the wood vinegar-acidified biochar increased the adsorption quantity of NH4+-N, which increased by 2.28%-18.18% compared with that of biochar. The soil cultivation experiments showed that compared with that under the single application of urea, biochar and wood vinegar-acidified biochar combined with urea treatments reduced the soil NO3--N and NH4+-N by 0.72% and 25.26% and 1.11% and 16.93%, respectively, whereas it increased the soil dissolved organic nitrogen and total dissolved organic nitrogen. Soil urease activity was increased by the wood vinegar-acidified biochar combined with urea treatment, whereas it was decreased by the biochar combined with urea treatment. Ammonia volatilization accumulation in the wood vinegar-acidified biochar combined with urea treatment was lower than that in the single application of urea and biochar combined with urea treatments at different cultivation periods. The wood vinegar-acidified biochar combined with urea treatment effectively reduced soil pH, but the unmodified biochar increased soil pH. In saline soil areas, acidifying biochar with wood vinegar and then applying acidified biochar with nitrogen fertilizer not only effectively reduced soil pH and increased soil urease activity and dissolved organic nitrogen content, but it also appropriately reduced soil NH4+-N and NO3--N contents, thus reducing ammonia volatilization. This was conducive to reducing the loss of soil inorganic nitrogen and improving the effectiveness of saline soil nitrogen. |
