| 地膜覆盖和生物炭添加对菜地N2O排放的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1717 全文点击 584 投稿时间：2021-07-24 修订日期：2021-09-18 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 地膜覆盖 N2O 蔬菜地 产量 |
| 英文关键词 biochar plastic film mulching N2O vegetable field yield |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 胡剑 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715 | 1101252045@qq.com | | 江长胜 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715 | | | 陈鑫童 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715 | | | 熊艳芳 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715 | | | 郝庆菊 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715 | haoqingju@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究生物炭添加（B0：0 t·hm-2、B20：20 t·hm-2、B40：40 t·hm-2）和地膜覆盖（FM：覆膜、NM：不覆膜）对菜地N2O排放的影响，以西南大学农场内辣椒-萝卜轮作菜地为研究对象，采用静态暗箱/气相色谱法进行为期1 a的田间原位观测.共设置6个处理，分别为NMB0（CK）和FMB0、NMB20和FMB20、NMB40和FMB40.结果表明，FM显著提高辣椒季土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮含量（P<0.05），而对萝卜季土壤环境因子均无显著影响.与NM相比，辣椒季FM分别对B0、B20和B40处理下的N2O排放提高了52.87%、52.97%和52.49%（P<0.05），但萝卜季FM对N2O排放无显著影响.生物炭对辣椒和萝卜季土壤环境因子均无显著影响.萝卜季生物炭添加减少了28.76%~67.88%的N2O排放（P<0.01），辣椒季生物炭添加对N2O排放无显著影响.与NM相比，在不同生物炭水平下FM对辣椒产量提高了15.85%~161.32%，对萝卜产量提高了43.97%~75.80%.生物炭显著提高了辣椒产量，对萝卜产量无显著影响.但不管覆膜与否，生物炭添加量为20 t·hm-2时，辣椒和萝卜产量均最高.对N2O排放强度的研究发现，辣椒季FM显著降低了N2O排放强度，萝卜季FM和生物炭都显著降低了N2O排放强度，且两种植季均在FMB20处理下N2O排放强度达到最低.因此，地膜覆盖及施加20 t·hm-2生物炭是辣椒季和萝卜季最优的农田管理措施，既可以获得高产，同时N2O排放量最低，达到经济效益和环境效益的双赢. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The aim of this research was to examine the effects of biochar addition (B0:0 t·hm-2, B20:20 t·hm-2, and B40:40 t·hm-2) and mulching (FM:film and NM:no film) on vegetables. The impact of N2O emissions in the field was based on the pepper-radish rotation vegetable field system on the farm of Southwest University, using static dark box/gas chromatography to conduct in-situ observations in the field for one year. In this experiment, a total of six treatments were set up, namely NMB0 (CK) and FMB0, NMB20 and FMB20, and NMB40 and FMB40. The results showed that FM significantly increased the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the pepper season soil (P<0.05) but had no significant effect on soil environmental factors in the radish season. Compared with that of NM, the pepper season FM increased the N2O emissions of the B0, B20, and B40 treatments by 52.87%, 52.97%, and 52.49% (P<0.05), respectively, but the radish season FM had no significant effect on N2O emissions. Biochar had no significant effect on soil environmental factors in the pepper and radish seasons. The addition of biochar in the radish season reduced N2O emissions by 28.76%-67.88% (P<0.01), and the addition of biochar in the pepper season had no significant effect on N2O emissions. Compared with that of NM, under different biochar levels, FM increased the yield of pepper by 15.85%-161.32% and increased the yield of radish by 43.97%-75.80%. Biochar significantly increased the yield of peppers and had no significant effect on the yield of radishes. Regardless of whether the film was covered or not, when the amount of biochar added was 20 t·hm-2, the yields of pepper and radish were the highest. The analysis of N2O emission intensity revealed that FM in the pepper season significantly reduced N2O emission intensity, whereas in the radish season FM and biochar significantly reduced N2O emission intensity, and both planting seasons reached the lowest N2O emission intensity under the FMB20 treatment. Therefore, mulching and applying 20 t·hm-2 biochar were the best farmland management measures for the pepper season and radish season, which could achieve high yields and the lowest N2O emissions, accomplishing a win-win for economic and environmental benefits. |
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