| 鄱阳湖白鹤保护区微塑料表面微生物群落结构特征 |
| 摘要点击 2158 全文点击 572 投稿时间：2021-07-23 修订日期：2021-08-18 |
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| 中文关键词 鄱阳湖 微塑料 沉积物 微生物群落 丰富度 多样性 |
| 英文关键词 Poyang Lake microplastics sediment microbial community richness diversity |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料作为一种新型污染物所带来的环境问题越来越受到关注.以鄱阳湖五星垦殖场白鹤保护区为研究区，采集沉积物（SL）及不同类型微塑料样品，微塑料的主要类型是薄膜类（PE）、碎片类（PP1）、纤维类（PP2）和发泡类（PS），聚合物被确定为聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯.采用16S高通量测序鉴定微生物（细菌和真菌）群落结构.结果表明，PE和PP1表面细菌物种丰富度指数Ace和Chao与周围沉积物中的无显著性差异（P>0.05），而PP2和PS显著低于周围沉积物（P<0.05）.真菌物种丰富度指数Ace和Chao则表现为PE和PS与沉积物无显著性差异（P>0.05），而PP1和PP2显著低于周围沉积物（P<0.05）.不同类型微塑料表面细菌和真菌物种多样性指数Shannon和Simpson均低于沉积物.沉积物和微塑料表面细菌优势菌门以变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为主.而真菌群落以担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）为优势菌群.通过KEGG功能预测发现：微塑料表面细菌与沉积物之间具有显著差异且丰度比例高于1%的代谢通路中，大部分通路与代谢有关.研究表明微塑料可以改变微生物群落结构，其表面微生物群落可以催化代谢反应，促进微塑料的分解. |
| 英文摘要 |
| As a new type of pollutant, microplastics have attracted increasing attention. Microplastics in aquatic ecosystems are accumulating at an unprecedented scale, causing significant environmental and economic impacts. In this study, sediments and different types of microplastic samples were collected from the Grus leucogeranus Reserve of Wuxing Reclamation Farm of Poyang Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in China. The main types of microplastics were film (PE), debris (PP1), fiber (PP2), and foam (PS), and the polymers were identified as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene in the study area. The structures of microbial communities (fungi and bacteria) were identified using 16S high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the Ace and Chao of bacteria between the surface of PE and PP1 and that of the surrounding sediments (P>0.05), whereas PP2 and PS were significantly lower than those in surrounding sediments (P<0.05). Ace and Chao of fungi showed that PE and PS had no significant differences with the sediment (P>0.05), and PP1 and PP2 were significantly lower than those in surrounding sediments (P<0.05). The species diversity Shannon and Simpson index of bacteria and fungi on different types of microplastic surfaces were lower than that of sediment. The bacterial communities on the sediment and microplastic surface mainly included Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. In the fungal community, Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Chytridiomycota were the dominant bacteria. Through KEGG functional prediction, it was found that most of the metabolic pathways with a significant difference between bacteria and sediments on the surface of microplastics and with an abundance ratio higher than 1% were related to metabolism. Compared with that of sediment, the metabolic pathways of PE and PP2 on microplastic surfaces were down-regulated mainly in cell motility, signal transduction, and carbohydrate metabolism, whereas the energy metabolism, general and global metabolism pathways, and cofactor metabolism were up-regulated. Compared with that of sediment, the bacterial metabolic pathways of PS and PP1 on microplastic surfaces were down-regulated, mainly including general and global metabolic pathways, translation, and exogenous biodegradation, and cell motility and signal transduction were up-regulated. However, the abundance of other functional genes in sediments and microplastic samples showed little difference. The results indicated that microplastics can change the structure of microbial communities, and the microbial community on the surface of microplastics could catalyze metabolic reactions and promote the decomposition of microplastics. The study of microplastic surface microbial structure in Poyang Lake can support management decisions to protect the ecological integrity of the lake. |
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