| “2+26”城市春节和元宵节期间污染特征、气象影响和预报回顾分析 |
| 摘要点击 2111 全文点击 661 投稿时间：2021-04-29 修订日期：2021-08-23 |
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| 中文关键词 京津冀 “2+26”城市 污染特征 PM2.5化学组分 春节 烟花爆竹 气象影响 |
| 英文关键词 Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region “2+26” cities pollution characteristics PM2.5 chemical composition the Spring Festival fireworks and firecrackers meteorological impacts |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 分析2021年春节至元宵节前后"2+26"城市PM2.5污染过程特征，对比2016~2021年春节和元宵节前后3 d的PM2.5日均浓度和小时浓度，2019~2021年PM2.5组分特征，讨论2016~2021年春节至元宵节前后气象因素对PM2.5浓度的影响，并分析了影响2021年春节期间北京地区预报结果的关键因素.结果表明，烟花爆竹燃放叠加不利气象条件导致"2+26"城市在2021年春节期间出现了一次中至重度污染过程，在元宵节期间出现了一次轻至中度污染过程.2021年腊月二十九至正月初一期间，"2+26"城市ρ（PM2.5）平均值为111 μg·m-3；小时峰值为156 μg·m-3，为2016~2021年最低.2021年元宵节前后3 d，"2+26"城市ρ（PM2.5）平均值为85 μg·m-3，小时峰值为125 μg·m-3，重度及以上污染小时数量为2016~2021年最低.组分观测结果表明，2021年春节和元宵节烟花爆竹燃放影响降低，禁限放成效显著，污染以常规污染累积为主，且为硝酸盐主导，部分城市春节期间有机物浓度较高，可能与本地工业排放叠加烟花爆竹燃放影响有关.气象因子与PM2.5浓度对比分析表明，风速风向、地面气压和相对湿度等气象条件均会影响PM2.5浓度和区域污染过程的长短.华北平原边界层输送汇的摆动对扩散条件的影响，华北小高压的位置、强度和其高空移动气流的强度，烟花爆竹燃放的不确定性，以及冬春季节交替期间气象变化频繁导致的气象预报准确度较低等，均是影响北京地区空气质量预报结果的关键因素.综上，虽然近年来烟花爆竹燃放影响降低，但为促进环境质量持续改善，建议进一步加强烟花爆竹燃放管控，特别是北京五环外及其周边城市烟花爆竹燃放管控. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The PM2.5concentration characteristics of "2+26" cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the surrounding region during the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival in 2021 were analyzed. The average daily concentration and hourly concentration of PM2.5 in the three days before and after the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival from 2016 to 2021 and the characteristics of the PM2.5 chemical components during the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival from 2019 to 2021 were comparatively analyzed. In addition, the impact of meteorological factors on PM2.5 concentration from 2016 to 2021 and the key factors affecting the forecast result of Beijing during the Spring Festival in 2021 were discussed. The results showed that the combination of fireworks and firecrackers and adverse weather conditions resulted in a moderate to heavy pollution process during the Spring Festival in 2021 and a light to moderate pollution process during the Lantern Festival in "2+26" cities. The average ρ(PM2.5) was 111 μg·m-3. The hourly peak ρ(PM2.5) was 156 μg·m-3, which was the lowest in 2016 to 2021. The three days before and after the Lantern Festival in 2021, the average ρ(PM2.5) of "2+26" cities was 85 μg·m-3, and the hourly peak ρ(PM2.5) was 125 μg·m-3. During this period, the hour number of heavy and severe pollution was the lowest in 2016 to 2021. Component observation results showed that the impact of fireworks and firecrackers during the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival in 2021 was gradually reduced, and the effect of bans and restrictions for fireworks and firecrackers was significant. The regional pollution was dominated by conventional pollution accumulation and nitrate. The concentration of organic matter in some cities during the Spring Festival was relatively high, which may be related to local industrial emissions and the impact of blasting fireworks and firecrackers. The comparative analysis of meteorological factors and PM2.5 concentration showed that the factors such as wind speed and direction, ground pressure, and relative humidity all affected PM2.5 concentration and the duration of the regional pollution process. The influence of oscillation of the boundary layer transport sink on diffusion conditions in the North China Plain, the location and intensity of the small high pressure in North China and the intensity of its high-altitude moving airflow, and the uncertainty of fireworks displays, as well as the low accuracy of weather forecasts caused by frequent weather changes during the alternate period of winter and spring, could affect the accuracy of air quality forecast results in the northern Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. In summary, although the impact of fireworks and firecrackers has been reduced in recent years, in order to improve the air quality, it is recommended to further strengthen the control of fireworks and firecrackers, especially outside the Beijing Fifth Ring Road and Beijing's surrounding cities. |
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