| 廊坊市区径流污染时空分布特征及来源解析 |
| 摘要点击 1981 全文点击 613 投稿时间：2021-03-13 修订日期：2021-07-06 |
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| 中文关键词 城市降雨径流 污染分布特征 源解析 主成分分析 聚类分析 |
| 英文关键词 urban runoff pollution distribution characteristics source apportionment principal component analysis cluster analysis |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 降雨径流污染主要是通过雨水的冲刷和淋溶作用携带污染物进入受纳水体，造成水体黑臭化或富营养化.了解和掌握降雨径流污染特征是有效控制径流污染的前提.全面分析廊坊市城区降雨径流污染时空分布特征和各污染物相关关系，通过在市区设置14个采样点采集了7次降雨径流样品，分析了样品中的悬浮固体（SS）、化学需氧量（COD）、N、P、粪大肠杆菌、阴离子表面活性剂和挥发酚以及Zn、Cr6+、As和Cu等污染指标，基于因子分析和聚类分析探讨污染物的来源和时空分布特征.结果表明，廊坊市降雨径流中各种污染物在不同时间和地点的变化非常大.各点的平均ρ（SS）范围高达150~500 mg·L-1，粪大肠杆菌超过了地表Ⅴ类水标准，同时各点的COD、N和P的平均质量浓度都超过地表Ⅴ类水标准.阴离子表面活性剂、石油类和挥发酚的平均质量浓度在地表Ⅰ类水和Ⅴ类水之间.NH4+-N与TN、挥发酚和As有较高的正相关，COD与TN、TP、Cr6+和As有一定的正相关，而粪大肠杆菌与Zn和Cu呈现一定的负相关.道路径流中有机物、P、Cu和SS很可能主要来源于机动车轮胎和路面.各采样点可根据污染类型大致分为4类，主要为商业服务区、居民住宅区、较大的主干道和社区间的小型道路.廊坊市区降雨径流整体污染较为严重，尤其体现在COD、N和P污染.该研究对廊坊市区及其他北方城市降雨径流污染控制和治理有重要参考价值. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Urban runoff pollution can carry pollutants into the receiving water through scouring and leaching, causing black color and odor or eutrophication. Understanding and mastering the characteristics of runoff pollution is a prerequisite for the effective control of runoff pollution. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of runoff pollution and the correlation between pollutants in the urban area of Langfang City. Rainfall runoff samples were collected seven times by setting up 14 sampling sites within the urban area. The suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), N, P, fecal E. coli, anionic surfactants, volatile phenols, and Zn, Cr6+, As, Cu, etc. were analyzed. The source and distribution of pollutants were summarized and analyzed through principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the concentration of pollutants in runoff in Langfang City varied greatly at different times and locations. The average ρ(SS) at each point ranged from 150-500 mg·L-1, and the average concentrations of COD, N, P, and fecal E. coli all exceeded those of the surface water standard Ⅴ. The average concentration of anionic surfactants, petroleum, and volatile phenols were between those of the surface water standard Ⅰ and standard Ⅳ. The concentrations of metal pollutants were relatively low. NH4+-N had a positive correlation with total nitrogen (TN), volatile phenols, and As. COD had a certain positive correlation with TN, total phosphorus (TP), Cr6+, and As, whereas fecal E. coli had a certain negative correlation with Zn and Cu. The organic matter, P, Cu, and SS were probably derived from vehicle tires and road surfaces. All sampling sites could be roughly divided into four types according to the features of pollution:mainly commercial service areas, residential areas, larger arterial roads, and small roads between communities. The pollution of runoff in Langfang City was relatively serious, especially that of COD, N, and P. This research provides important reference values for the control and regulation of runoff pollution in urban areas and other northern cities. |
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