| 化肥和有机肥配施生物炭对紫色土壤养分及磷赋存形态的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1994 全文点击 583 投稿时间：2021-04-28 修订日期：2021-05-17 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 紫色土 有机肥 土壤养分 磷分级 |
| 英文关键词 biochar purple soil organic fertilizer soil nutrients phosphorus classification |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 研究紫色土壤养分含量与不同形态磷含量对生物炭配施化肥和有机肥的响应，探明不同施肥处理对紫色土壤养分和磷形态的影响，以期为生物炭在紫色土区的合理农用提供科学依据.采用盆栽试验方法，设置对照（CK）、传统施肥（F）、化肥+20 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭（FP）、化肥+10 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭+10 t·hm-2玉米生物炭（FPM）、有机肥+20 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭（PP）和新鲜有机肥+20 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭（NPP）这6个处理，通过测定土壤养分含量的变化和不同形态磷之间的转化，阐明化肥和有机肥配施生物炭对紫色土壤养分及磷赋存形态的影响.结果表明：①生物炭施用可提高土壤pH值，其中PP和NPP处理的效果最好，其根际土壤pH较F处理分别提高了1.78和1.87个单位.②配施生物炭（FP、FPM、PP和NPP）处理较F处理能显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量，表现出明显的根际效应，而显著降低速效钾的含量.③与F处理相比，PP和NPP处理能够显著增加植株根部生物量、植株全磷和全钾含量，而显著降低植株全氮含量.④土壤中最主要的磷赋存形态是中度活性磷，其占比为46.64%~57.46%.施用生物炭能够促进土壤难溶态磷向有效磷转化，提高活性磷和中度活性磷的比例，且表现出明显的根际效应.⑤施用生物炭有利于土壤有机磷的矿化，促进NaHCO3-Po向NaHCO3-Pi转化，其中PP处理的矿化作用最明显.配施生物炭可以改善土壤磷营养状况，促进土壤难溶态磷向有效态磷转化，其中PP处理的效果最优.因此，生物炭配施腐熟猪粪是紫色土区最有效的养分管理方式. |
| 英文摘要 |
| This study investigated the changes in purple soil nutrient content and different forms of phosphorus content under the treatment of biochar combined with chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers and explored the effects of different fertilization methods on purple soil nutrients and phosphorus forms to provide a scientific basis for the rationality of using biochar in the purple soil area. Using the pot experiment method, we established the following treatments:control (CK), traditional fertilization (F), chemical fertilizer +20 t·hm-2 rice husk biochar (FP), chemical fertilizer +10 t·hm-2 rice husk biochar +10 t·hm-2 corn biochar (FPM), organic fertilizer +20 t·hm-2 rice husk biochar (PP), and fresh organic fertilizer +20 t·hm-2 rice husk biochar (NPP). The change in soil nutrient content and the conversion between different forms of phosphorus were analyzed to identify the effects of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with biochar on purple soil nutrients and phosphorus forms. The results showed that:① The application of biochar can increase the pH value of the soil. Among the treatments, PP and NPP had the greatest effect on pH. The pH of the rhizosphere soil increased by 1.78 and 1.87 units, respectively, compared with that under the F treatment. ② Compared with the F treatment, the combined application of biochar (FP, FPM, PP, and NPP) significantly increased the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus, showing an obvious rhizosphere effect and significantly reducing the content of available potassium. ③ Compared with the F treatment, the PP and NPP treatments significantly increased plant biomass, plant total phosphorus, and total potassium content and significantly reduced plant total nitrogen content. ④ The most important phosphorus occurrence form in the soil was moderately active phosphorus, which accounted for 46.64% to 57.46%. The application of biochar can promote the conversion of soil insoluble phosphorus to available phosphorus, increase the ratio of active phosphorus to moderately active phosphorus, and show obvious rhizosphere effects. ⑤ The application of biochar is beneficial to the mineralization of soil organic phosphorus and can promote the conversion of NaHCO3-Po to NaHCO3-Pi, with the mineralization under the PP treatment being the most apparent. The combined application of biochar can improve the soil phosphorus status and promote the conversion of soil insoluble phosphorus to available phosphorus and the mineralization of organic phosphorus; among treatments, the PP treatment had the greatest such effects. Therefore, biochar combined with decomposed pig manure is the most effective nutrient management strategy in purple soil areas. |
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