| 黄河水环境特征与氮磷负荷时空分布 |
| 摘要点击 2129 全文点击 717 投稿时间：2021-04-01 修订日期：2021-05-18 |
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| 中文关键词 黄河流域 水环境 氮磷负荷 时空分布 人类活动 水土流失 |
| 英文关键词 Yellow River basin water quality nitrogen and phosphorus load spatiotemporal distribution human activities soil erosion |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 黄河是我国西北和华北地区重要的供水水源，由于地形和降雨等自然因素以及频繁的人类活动影响，黄河流域水环境问题日渐凸显.为明确黄河干流水环境特征、水质现状以及流域氮磷负荷时空分布，本研究于2019年的4~5月和10~11月对黄河干流全河段水环境进行了调查研究.基于野外采样研究结果以及室内实验数据，结果发现：①从源区至河口多个水体理化参数逐渐上升的趋势反映了越来越频繁的人类活动以及中下游水土流失等的共同作用，此外，水库对溶质的截留与沉积具有显著的效果；②两个季节水质差异较小，从源区至河口水质等级由"优秀"下降至"一般"；③降雨是黄河流域氮磷赋存形态及其负荷具有季节性差异的关键因素；④黄河流域内氮磷赋存形态及其负荷所具有的空间差异性主要受控于人类活动与水土流失的影响.本研究结果可为控制黄河流域入河氮磷负荷以及改善水质提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The Yellow River is the important water supply source for Northwest China and North China, whereas natural factors such as topography, rainfall, and intense human activities have brought about prominent water environment problems in the Yellow River basin. The main stream of the Yellow River was investigated from April to May and October to November of 2019 to clarify characteristics of the water environment, the current water quality status, and the spatiotemporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus loads. On the basis of observations and a laboratory analytical experiment, it was found that:① The multiple parameter values increased from the source area to the estuary, which is the reflection of the combined effects of increasingly frequent human activities and soil erosion in the middle and lower reaches. Furthermore, reservoirs have significant effects on the retention and deposition of solutes; ② There is not much difference between water quality in the two seasons, and the water quality level dropped from "excellent" to "ordinary" from the source area to the estuary; ③ Rainfall played a critical role in the temporal difference in the occurrence forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and their load in the Yellow River basin; ④ The spatial difference in the occurrence forms and load of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Yellow River basin is mainly controlled by the effects of human activities and soil erosion. The study is expected to lay a scientific basis for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus load and improving water quality in the Yellow River basin. |
