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基于高分辨率在线测量的轻型汽油车含氧挥发性有机物排放模型构建
摘要点击 1901  全文点击 560  投稿时间:2021-04-30  修订日期:2021-06-02
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中文关键词  含氧有机物(OVOCs)  在线观测  排放模型  比功率  修正碳燃烧损失率
英文关键词  oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs)  online measurement  emission model  vehicle specific power  modified combustion loss
作者单位E-mail
郝钰琦 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006 2995505180@qq.com 
袁自冰 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006 zibing@scut.edu.cn 
王梦雷 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006  
沙青娥 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443  
杜新悦 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006  
刘元向 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006  
刘学辉 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006  
段乐君 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006  
袁斌 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443  
郑君瑜 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443  
邵敏 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443  
闫宇 帕莫瑞科技有限公司, 北京 100071  
中文摘要
      机动车排放的含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)具有较高的大气反应活性,但在线测量识别其高分辨率排放特征的研究仍处于起步阶段,缺乏计算和预测OVOCs排放特征的模型工具.本研究利用质子转移反应飞行时间质谱仪(PTR-TOF-MS)与离子/分子反应质谱仪(IMR-MS),在简易瞬态测试工况下对轻型汽油车排放甲醛、丙酮和乙醇等8种OVOCs组分进行了在线测量.结果表明,OVOCs组分受工况变化影响显著,国Ⅰ~国Ⅴ车辆排放过程中OVOCs排放峰值相对于怠速阶段的增幅分别为183%、105%、56%、92%和244%,同时随着排放标准从国Ⅰ升级到国Ⅴ,含量较高且作为特征组分的甲醛、丙酮和甲醇排放量的降幅分别为90.9%、93.3%和93.7%,但乙醇排放相对稳定.国Ⅰ~国Ⅴ排放标准下轻型汽油车8种OVOCs总量排放因子分别为12.5、10.2、5.4、4.2和1.6 mg·km-1,总体减排幅度87%.本研究发现OVOCs排放率与比功率(VSP),排放因子与修正碳燃烧效率(MCE)密切相关,将不同排放标准车辆的VSP与排放率和MCE与基于里程的排放因子(EFs)进行拟合,分别建立了一阶线性函数关系.提出了修正碳燃烧损失率(MCL)这一概念,并得到简化的MCL与排放因子的正比例函数关系,从而阐明了OVOCs排放因子的决定性因素.基于VSP和MCL建立的OVOCs排放模型可以计算和预测轻型汽油车在不同热运行状态下的排放率和排放因子,从而为准确评估OVOCs排放贡献和建立排放源清单提供有效工具.
英文摘要
      The oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) emitted by motor vehicles have high atmospheric reactivity; however, research on the identification of their high-resolution emission characteristics using online measurements is still in its infancy, and there is a lack of model tools to calculate and predict the OVOC emissions. In this study, eight OVOC species including formaldehyde, acetone, and ethanol were measured by PTR-TOF-MS and IMR-MS under the simple transient test conditions. The results showed that the OVOC species were significantly affected by the change in working conditions. Compared with that of the idling stage, the emission peak of OVOCs increased by 183%, 105%, 56%, 92%, and 244%. Meanwhile, with the upgrading of the emission standard from national Ⅰ to national Ⅴ, the emissions of formaldehyde, acetone, and methanol decreased by 90.9%, 93.3%, and 93.7%, respectively. By contrast, the emission of ethanol was stable. From national Ⅰ to national Ⅴ, the total emission factors of the eight species were 12.5, 10.2, 5.4, 4.2, and 1.6 mg·km-1, and the overall emission reduction was 87%. It was found that the emission rate of OVOCs was closely related to the vehicle specific power (VSP), whereas the emission factor was closely related to the modified combustion efficiency (MCE). The first-order linear functional relationships were established by fitting the VSP and emission rate as well as the MCE and the mileage-based emission factor (EFs). The concept of modified combustion loss (MCL) was proposed, and the simplified proportional functional relationship between MCL and EFs was established, thus clarifying the decisive factor of the OVOC emission factor. The OVOC emission model based on VSP and MCL can calculate and predict the emission rates and emission factors of light-duty gasoline vehicles under different hot running conditions so as to provide an effective tool for accurately evaluating OVOC emission contributions and establishing an emission inventory.

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