| 不同轮作休耕下潮土细菌群落结构特征 |
| 摘要点击 2418 全文点击 669 投稿时间：2021-03-12 修订日期：2021-03-30 |
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| 中文关键词 轮作 休耕 土壤细菌 群落结构 功能预测 |
| 英文关键词 rotation fallow soil bacteria community structure function prediction |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 南镇武 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 小麦玉米国家工程实验室, 济南 250100 | zhwsouth@163.com | | 刘柱 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 小麦玉米国家工程实验室, 济南 250100 | | | 代红翠 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 小麦玉米国家工程实验室, 济南 250100 | | | 张磊 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院, 烟台 265500 | | | 王娜 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 小麦玉米国家工程实验室, 济南 250100 | | | 徐杰 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 小麦玉米国家工程实验室, 济南 250100 | | | 刘开昌 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 小麦玉米国家工程实验室, 济南 250100 | | | 孟维伟 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 小麦玉米国家工程实验室, 济南 250100 | wdlmww@163.com | | 王旭清 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 小麦玉米国家工程实验室, 济南 250100 | saaswxq@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 本研究旨在明确不同轮作休耕方式对潮土细菌群落的影响，为推动黄河下游冲积平原农田生态修复和促进农业绿色发展提供参考依据.以2018年开始的长期轮作休耕定位试验农田土壤为研究对象，采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，通过Tax4Fun细菌功能预测工具，分析4种轮作休耕方式（长期休耕、冬小麦-夏休耕、冬休耕-夏玉米和冬小麦-夏玉米周年轮作）定位条件下，土壤细菌群落结构与功能差异，并探究影响农田土壤细菌群落结构及功能变化的环境因子.结果表明，不同轮作休耕方式的土壤样本中共检测到细菌44门、146纲、338目、530科、965属和2073种；在0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层中，主要优势菌群同为放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi），但各主要优势菌群的相对丰度在不同轮作休耕方式中存在差异.0~20 cm土层季节性休耕（冬小麦-夏休耕和冬休耕-夏玉米）较麦玉周年轮作或连续两年休耕的土壤细菌群落更丰富且多样性程度更复杂，20~40 cm土层则表现出冬小麦-夏休耕的土壤细菌群落更丰富、多样性程度更复杂.通过Tax4Fun功能预测发现，不同轮作休耕土壤细菌具有一级功能代谢通路（pathway level 1）6类，二级功能代谢通路（pathway level 2）40类（其中18类相对丰度大于1.0%），三级功能代谢通路（pathway level 3）264类；季节性休耕可提高参与新陈代谢、环境信息处理和遗传信息处理等有益细菌代谢通路的相对丰度.根据RDA分析，0~20 cm土层的土壤细菌群落受土壤含水率、全磷、有效磷、速效钾、pH和碳氮比影响显著（P<0.05），20~40 cm受土壤全磷和有效磷影响显著（P<0.05）.由此可见，不同休耕方式可以改变土壤细菌群落结构、多样性及代谢功能，季节性休耕可以促进农田土壤生态系统的健康与稳定. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The aim of this study was to provide a reference for promoting ecological restoration of farmland and the green development of agriculture in the alluvial plain of the lower Yellow River by determining the effects of different rotation fallow patterns on the bacterial community of the fluvo-aquic soil. Farmland soil subject to a long-term rotation fallow experiment since 2018 was studied using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, and the ‘Tax4Fun’ bacterial function prediction tool was used to analyze differences in soil bacterial community structure and function under the following four rotation fallow regimes:long fallow(LF), winter wheat and summer fallow(WF), winter fallow and summer maize(FM), and annual rotation of winter wheat and summer maize(WM). The environmental factors affecting changes in the soil bacterial community structure and function were also analyzed. In total, 44 phyla, 146 classes, 338 orders, 530 families, 965 genera, and 2073 species of bacteria were detected in the soil samples from the different rotation fallow regimes, and the dominant bacterial groups were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers. However, the relative abundances of the dominant bacteria groups were varied between the rotation fallow regimes. In the 0-20 cm layer of the seasonal fallow soils(WF and FM), bacteria were more abundant and community diversity was higher than that of the WM and LF soils. In 20-40 cm soil layer, the WF soil was more abundant in bacterial and the community was more diverse. Based on the prediction function of the ‘Tax4Fun’ tool, six primary metabolic pathways, 40 secondary metabolic pathways(18 types with relative abundance greater than 1%), and 264 tertiary metabolic pathways were identified in the soil bacteria of the different rotation fallow regimes. Seasonal fallow(WF and FM) was found to increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial metabolic pathways involved in metabolism, environmental information processing, and genetic information processing. According to RDA analysis, the soil bacterial community in the 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly affected by soil moisture, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH, and C/N ratio(P<0.05), and the soil bacterial community in 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly affected by soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus(P<0.05). Therefore, different fallow patterns were linked to variation in the structure, diversity, and metabolic functions of soil bacterial communities. Based on these results, seasonal fallow practices could promote the health and stability of farmland soil ecosystems. |
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