| The occurrence, distribution, and risk of 11 typical pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs) were investigated in the major rivers and bay areas of Sanya City. The results showed that the significant seasonal variations in eleven PPCPs in major rivers of the city were affected by intense tourism alongside reduced annual runoff. In winter, all 11 PPCPs had 100% detection frequencies, of which CFI had the highest concentration at 1449.10 ng·L-1. The highest concentration of MTP was 427.06 ng·L-1 and highest concentration of RTM was 311.59 ng·L-1. In summer, all 11 PPCPs were again detected, with a lowest detection rate of 87.5%, of which CFI, MTP, RTM, ETM, and OFL were predominant. All 11 PPCPs were also detected in the surface seawater of the main bay areas, with detection frequencies of 85.7%, 57.1%, and 71.4% for SMX, MTP, and CFI respectively; the other eight PPCPs had 100% detection frequencies. CFI had the highest concentration at 220.78 ng·L-1. An ecological risk assessment of the 11 PPCPs showed that the risk quotients(RQ) of STZ at Yuechuan Bridge and RTM at Fenghuang Road were higher than 1 in winter, posing a high risk to the aquatic ecology. This was mainly attributed to the discharge of water from nearby hospitals and sewage treatment plants. In summer, the RQ of STZ at Sanya Bridge and RTM at Hongsha Wharf was between 0.1 and 1, which indicates a medium level of risk to the aquatic environment in Sanya City. |
