| 水肥管理对热带地区双季稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响 |
| 摘要点击 2017 全文点击 601 投稿时间：2020-11-20 修订日期：2021-01-01 |
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| 中文关键词 水肥管理 热带地区 双季稻田 温室气体排放 全球增温潜势 |
| 英文关键词 water and fertilization management tropical regions double-rice paddy fields greenhouse gas emission global warming potential |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李金秋 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | 17330919795@163.com | | 邵晓辉 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 缑广林 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 邓艺欣 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 谭诗敏 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 徐文娴 | 海南大学生态与环境学院, 海口 570228 | | | 杨秋 | 海南大学生态与环境学院, 海口 570228 | | | 刘文杰 | 海南大学生态与环境学院, 海口 570228 | | | 伍延正 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 孟磊 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 汤水荣 | 海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | tangshuirong@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 水稻土被广泛认为是甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）主要排放源，深入研究不同水肥管理条件下热带地区双季稻田CH4和N2O的排放特征，对补充我国双季稻田温室气体排放研究的不足意义重大.本研究设置8个处理：常规灌溉-施磷钾肥（D-PK）、常规灌溉-施氮磷钾肥（D-NPK）、常规灌溉-施氮磷钾+有机肥（D-NPK+M）、常规灌溉-施有机肥（D-M）、长期淹水-施磷钾肥（F-PK）、长期淹水-施氮磷钾肥（F-NPK）、长期淹水-施氮磷钾+有机肥（F-NPK+M）和长期淹水-施有机肥（F-M）.采用密闭静态箱-气相色谱法测定双季稻田CH4和N2O排放量，测定水稻产量和估算全球增温潜势（GWP）及温室气体排放强度（GHGI）.结果表明：①早稻季和晚稻季CH4累积排放量分别为10.3~78.9 kg·hm-2和84.6~185.5 kg·hm-2.与F-PK和F-NPK处理相比，早稻季F-NPK+M和F-M处理显著增加CH4累积排放量.同一施肥条件下，长期淹水处理CH4累积排放量高于常规灌溉处理.灌溉和施肥极显著影响早稻季CH4累积排放量.②早稻季和晚稻季N2O累积排放量分别为0.18~0.76 kg·hm-2和0.15~0.58 kg·hm-2.与F-PK处理相比，早稻季F-NPK处理N2O累积排放量显著增加；与D-PK相比，D-NPK、D-NPK+M和D-M处理显著增加N2O累积排放量.与F-PK相比，晚稻季长期淹水其它处理N2O累积排放量显著增加；与D-PK处理相比，D-NPK和D-M处理N2O累积排放量显著增加.施肥极显著影响早稻季N2O排放；灌溉和施肥极显著影响晚稻季N2O排放.③早稻和晚稻产量分别为7310.7~9402.4 kg·hm-2和3902.8~7354.6 kg·hm-2，且F-NPK和F-M处理下早稻产量显著高于F-PK和D-NPK、D-PK和D-NPK处理.与PK处理相比，同一灌溉条件下其余3种施肥处理均显著增加晚稻产量.早稻季GWP和GHGI分别为580.8~2818.5kg·hm-2和0.08~0.30 kg·kg-1.与F-PK处理相比，常规灌溉条件下早稻季各施肥处理间GWP无显著性差异；但长期淹水条件下F-NPK+M和F-M处理GWP均显著增加.早稻季F-NPK+M和F-M处理GHGI显著高于其它处理.晚稻季GWP和GHGI分别为3091.6~6334.2 kg·hm-2和0.50~1.23 kg·kg-1.灌溉显著影响早稻和晚稻季GWP和GHGI，施肥对晚稻季GWP和GHGI的影响不显著.④土壤NH4+-N含量和5 cm土温均与CH4排放呈极显著负相关，pH与CH4排放呈极显著正相关，但与N2O排放呈显著负相关.土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N含量与N2O排放呈极显著负相关.综合作物产量、GWP和GHGI考虑，D-NPK+M可推荐为当地最优的减排稳产的水肥管理模式. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Paddy soils are widely considered a main source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Comprehensively evaluating CH4 and N2O emissions from double-rice systems in tropical regions with different water irrigation and fertilizer applications is of great significance for addressing greenhouse gas emissions from such systems in China. In this study, eight treatments were evaluated:conventional irrigation-PK fertilizer (D-PK), conventional irrigation-NPK fertilizer (D-NPK), conventional irrigation-NPK+organic fertilizer (D-NPK+M), conventional irrigation-organic fertilizer (D-M), continuous flooding-PK fertilizer (F-PK), continuous flooding-NPK fertilizer (F-NPK), continuous flooding-NPK+organic fertilizer (F-NPK+M), and continuous flooding-organic fertilizer (F-M). CH4 and N2O emissions in double-rice fields in tropical region of china were monitored in situ by closed static chamber-chromatography method and crop yields as well as global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) were determined. The results show that:① The cumulative CH4 emissions from early rice and late rice are 10.3-78.9 kg·hm-2and 84.6-185.5 kg·hm-2, respectively. Compared with F-PK and F-NPK treatments, F-NPK+M and F-M treatments significantly increased the cumulative emissions of CH4 from early rice season. Under the same fertilizer conditions, the cumulative CH4 emissions under continuous flooding condition were significantly higher than that under conventional irrigation condition. Irrigation and fertilization had extremely significant effects on CH4 emission in the early rice season. ② The cumulative N2O emissions across all treatments were 0.18-0.76 kg·hm-2 in early rice season and 0.15-0.58 kg·hm-2in late rice season, respectively. During early rice season, compared with F-PK, F-NPK significantly increased the cumulative N2O emission; however, compared with D-PK, D-NPK, D-NPK+M, and D-M treatments significantly increased the cumulative N2O emissions. Compared with F-PK, other three treatments under continuous flooding condition significantly increased N2O cumulative emission in late rice season; compared with D-PK, D-NPK, and D-M treatment significantly increased the cumulative N2O emission. Irrigation and fertilization had significant impacts on N2O emissions in late rice season, and fertilization had significant impacts on N2O emission in early rice season. ③ Early and late rice yields were 7310.7-9402.4 kg·hm-2 and 3902.8-7354.6 kg·hm-2, respectively. Early rice yields in both F-NPK and F-M treatments were significantly higher than those in F-PK, D-PK, and D-NPK treatments. Compared with PK, the other three fertilization treatments under the same irrigation condition significantly increased late rice yield. The GWP and GHGI in early rice season were 580.8-2818.5 kg·hm-2and 0.08-0.30 kg·kg-1, respectively. There was no significant difference in GWP among four fertilizer treatments under conventional irrigation condition in the early rice season. However, F-NPK+M and F-M treatments had a significant increase in GWP compared with F-PK. The GHGI in F-NPK+M and F-M treatments were significantly higher than that in other treatments. The GWP and GHGI in late rice season were 3091.6-6334.2 kg·hm-2 and 0.50-1.23 kg·kg-1, respectively. Irrigation significantly affected GWP and GHGI in both early and late rice seasons but fertilization had no significant impact on GWP and GHGI in late rice season. ④ Correlation analysis results showed that soil NH4+-N content and soil temperature below 5 cm soil layer had an extremely significant negative correlation with CH4 emissions. Soil pH was extremely significant positive correlated with CH4 emissions but significantly negatively correlated with N2O emission. Soil NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations were extremely significantly negatively correlated with N2O emission. Given crop yield, GWP, GHGI, and D-NPK+M can be recommended for local water and fertilizer management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining rice yields. |
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